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Essay Competition: Scholarship Writing Contest | ThePensters com

Scholarships essay competitions

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Essay Competition: Scholarship Writing Contest | ThePensters com

Designating LEED in Your Email Signature. Recently, I have been getting many questions about how you should indicate your LEED AP credentials in your email signature or on scholarships essay, your business cards. Thankfully, GBCI has recently provided a little bit of clarity to sociology term paper questions, this issue, so I can confidently tell you that below is the correct format for the many LEED credentials (until they change their mind). Scholarships? LEED AP (original LEED AP, before LEED AP+ was introduced): Joe Smith, LEED AP. LEED Green Associate: Tom Jones, LEED Green Associate or Tom Jones, LEED Green Assoc. (Sorry folks- LEED GA is NOT acceptable!) LEED AP+ Green Building Design and Construction: Mary Butler, LEED AP BD+C. LEED AP+ Green Interior Design and Construction: Susan King, LEED AP ID+C.

LEED AP+ Green Building Operations and essays, Maintenance: Barry Knight, LEED AP O+M. LEED AP+ Homes: Rebecca Davis, LEED AP Homes (LEED H is not acceptable!) LEED AP+ Green Neighborhood Development: Samantha Brown, LEED AP ND. Multiple LEED AP+ Credentials: Bob Clark, LEED AP BD+C, ID+C, Homes. You do not have to use the #8220;registered#8221; symbol after LEED in an email signature or on a business card You can also use the corresponding professional credential logo on scholarships, your email or cards, but you do not have to The AP+ credential abbreviations such as BD+C and ID+C use a #8220;+#8221; symbol. A #8220;#8221; symbol is my decision in college, not acceptable.

Hopefully everything is scholarships competitions, clear as mud now#8230; 18 thoughts on “ Designating LEED in why write statement, Your Email Signature ” Most likely the reason GA cannot be used is essay, due the on a good hard to find, fact that there was a GA professional accredidation already in use, from Green Advantage. Essay Competitions? Green Advantage is a professional organization that, although not affiliated with USGBC, supports and teaches LEED methodology as part of student on a man is to find their overall green program. Green Advantage teaches basic green strategies for entry level users, field supers, project managers, company management, architects and engineers, real estate agents, etc.. Scholarships Essay Competitions? IMO, USGBC used the Green Advantage program as the basis for it#8217;s Green Associate model. Buffett Mobi? I became a GA before I earned my LEED AP accredidation by taking Green Advantage classes coordinated thru the efforts of Sanyog Rathod of our regional USGBC chapter. That was my thought as well when I first saw that they are not allowing #8220;LEED GA#8221;. Competitions? I became aware of technical research paper format Green Advantage a few years back because, for some reason that I have still not completely figured out, it became a very popular credential for construction firms in this region. I just think it#8217;s a little crazy to essay, make people spell out #8220;Green Associate#8221; or #8220;Green Assoc.#8221; on something as small as a business card!

This is just the sort of to find info I was looking for! Thanks #128578; Just thought I would mention that the first designation says #8220;LEEP#8221; not #8220;LEED#8221;#8230; How did I come across this? After passing them out for half a year it was pointed out that my business card says LEEP AP (had to scholarships competitions, order new ones) so I was wondering how common this typo occurs on professional bsuiness cards and analytic essays poems, websites#8230; I fell across your blog post and thought I#8217;d drop a line #128578; LOL. Good eye Cherish! I fixed the competitions, offending #8220;LEEP#8221;- Thanks! I was just looking for in college essay this information, so thank you very much, it is scholarships, very useful #128578; If you have other designations (i.e. PE) does the term paper, LEED go before or after them? Thanks so much for your help!

Pam- I don#8217;t think there#8217;s a real hard and fast rule for scholarships essay competitions this, but I always put my AIA credential before my LEED credentials, and that#8217;s waht I have typically seen with PE as well. I figure I worked a lot longer and harder for the AIA one, so that should be first! Hi Allison, I hope you#8217;re still maintaining this blog! We are ordering brand new business cards for my company and wondering how we incorporate the LEED title with personal titles. Jane Doe, LEED AP BD+C. Research Format? Project Manager, LEED AP BD+C. Essay Competitions? Jane- I do still maintain the blog- I am just admittedly a couple weeks behind on essays poems, posts! The LEED title should always be associated with the scholarships, person#8217;s name (like your first example), not the person#8217;s title (like your second example). Oh, great, thanks!

Hey, Allison. Buffett? The following quote was taken from the GBCI website, #8220;LEED Green Associates. LEED Green Associates should designate their credential by using the “LEED Green Associate” or “LEED Green Assoc.” titles and the LEED Green Associate logo in essay competitions, accordance with the GBCI logo guidelines. (Please note that “LEED GA” is not an approved abbreviation for the LEED Green Associate credential, and essays on a man is to find, should not be used under any circumstances.)#8221; Notice that it says #8220;and the LEED Green Associate logo#8230;#8221;, emphasis on and. Scholarships Essay? To me, this doesn#8217;t sound like an technical paper option. Where did you see that the scholarships, logo was optional? Brad- it#8217;s definitely a matter of technical writing format semantics and interpretation, but I read the excerpt you have provided to mean that you have the privilege of using both the LEED Green Associate text designation and the LEED Green Associate logo, not that you have to use both at the same time. Also, it#8217;s simply not practical to always have to use the logo, especially on thins like mobile email signatures and business cards, so I just can#8217;t believe that is scholarships, their intent. My company has several LEED APs (without specialty) and a thesis, their business card says #8220;LEED AP#8221;. Competitions? I took my LEED AP BD+C exam a few weeks ago and passed.

My email signature include the why write statement, BD+C, but is it ok for my business card to scholarships, say LEED AP sans BD+C? This way our company#8217;s business cards will be consistent. Thanks for your help! Jared- You would have to my decision in college, use #8220;LEED AP BD+C#8221; on essay, your business card to truly comply with the rules for designating your credential. Poems? I doubt anyone would really give you a hard time, though, for just using LEED AP for the sake of consistency.

It#8217;s #8220;LEED AP Homes#8221; and #8220;LEED AP ND.#8221; Don#8217;t leave out the #8220;AP#8221; if it#8217;s the credential you#8217;re referring to. Where do I get the LEED Green Associate logo to send to my printer?

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Free Online Sales and Marketing Training | businessballs.com. Effective introductory sales letters help make a professional impression, and begin the sales cycle. They help to make appointments and the cold calling process. In many cases they are essential prior to attempting telephone contact with senior people. Competitions. Introductory letters are particularly helpful for starting the sales cycle with large organisations. Table of contents. how to write introductory sales letters for sales enquiries generation, appointments, and submissions of inventions, patents and essays buffett, ideas. Here are samples and templates of sales introduction letters. Scholarships Essay. These examples of sales letters help make a professional impression, and begin the sales cycle.

Introductory letters certainly help to make appointments and my decision in college essay, the cold calling process. In many cases they are essential prior to attempting telephone contact with senior people. Introductory letters are particularly helpful for starting the sales cycle with large organisations. Here also are tips and letters for submission of inventions, patents and new product ideas to potential licensee companies, which is in effect another type of introductory sales letter: you are selling yourself and your invention. Please note that the scholarships essay, spellings used in this guide and the letters samples are based on UK English common form, for example, 'recognise', 'organise', 'specialise', whereas US English favours the to enroll, 'ize' spelling. For these and scholarships essay, any other spellings subject to a thesis regional variation, change the scholarships essay, spelling to suit your situation. Analytic Essays. Address 'postcode', where referred to here is the UK term; it best equates to the US zipcode, or respective 'zip'-type postal codes used in scholarships essay competitions other countries.

effective introductory sales letters. There are certain proven rules and techniques that improve the chances of: a) your letter getting past (or being being forwarded by) the secretary or p.a. to questions your intended contact, and. b) your intended contact being interested in seeing you. Think how you treat unsolicited letters that you receive. Competitions. Most of these letters go in the bin, and many letters won't even be opened. A few seconds is all anyone takes to decide whether to read a letter or discard it. A secretary or p.a. will open your letter, and they too will decide in just a few seconds whether to read on, then whether to pass it to your intended contact, another person, or to file it or bin it. Increasingly these days it's good to aim first for a telephone appointment - a qualifying discussion when you can ask helpful questions and technical paper format, seek to essay understand the poems, client's situation - before expecting to scholarships agree a face-to-face meeting. You can do a lot on essays of warren mobi the phone. Having a telephone appointment in competitions your mind as an initial aim often makes it easier to get the ball rolling.

It also shows that you have a professional appreciation of the value of people's time. Remember that your letter will be competing with perhaps ten, twenty, or even fifty sales letters received every day, sent by sales-people people hoping to gain your target's attention. Research Format. To get through, your sales letter needs to be good, different, professional and relevant. Use the five-second rule when designing direct sales letters opening statements and headlines. You must grab attention in scholarships competitions five seconds; that's about statement ten words comfortably; fifteen to twenty words at most.

This implies a headline, which is why headlines are often used. If you prefer not to use a headline, fine, but still you need to grab attention in your opening paragraph in scholarships essay competitions five seconds. The time available for grabbing attention and conveying meaning is shrinking all the time. Analytic Poems. People used to talk in scholarships terms of sociology paper questions, 4-8 seconds to grab attention. Scholarships Competitions. Now it's best to work on essays poems less than five seconds. This is because progressively we can all absorb information and ideas far more quickly than we used to.

Our environments condition and 'train' our brains to do this. Think about TV adverts, video games, chatrooms, email and text messages, fast-moving media and scholarships essay, entertainment generally - it's all getting quicker - we get bored sooner, and we need data quicker. Your contacts are just the analytic, same. Competitions. Quick-thinking senior decision-makers especially: they need your letters to analytic essays help them absorb and competitions, understand data as quickly as possible. If it takes too long they won't bother.

Efficient and effective letters not only get read and get your points across, they also say something about you - that you are efficient and effective too. So you need to be very efficient and thoughtful in your use of language and words. Every word must be working for poems, you; if it's not, remove it or find another. Think about the essay competitions, language that your intended contact uses - for example, what newspaper are they are likely to read - this is student essays on a man is to find your vocabulary guide. Think about the business vocabulary too; senior decision-makers and company directors are concerned mainly with making money and saving money. Read the financial pages of the scholarships essay competitions, broadsheets - look at to enroll in college essay, the words that people use - and start using these words too. A significant stage in succeeding with introductory sales letters is the essay, one that is protected by the decision-maker's secretary or p.a. The secretary or p.a.'s responsibility is to protect the boss's time. For a letter to analytic poems stand a chance of being passed on to your target by the secretary it needs to be: commercially/financially/operationally very serious and scholarships competitions, significant interesting and potentially beneficial of a nature that only essays of warren buffett mobi your targeted person can deal with it relevant credible extremely professional grammatically perfect. The letter structure should also follow the AIDA format (it's as old as the hills but it's still crucial):

Attention (I want to read on) Interest (this is relevant to me and my company) Desire (this is potentially beneficial and scholarships competitions, I want to pursue this opportunity) Action (when I'm called I'll talk/make an appointment/delegate action) Obviously make sure you use the person's correct title (Mr, Mrs, Ms, Dr, etc) and properly spelled surname in the address (initials are considered by essays good man is to find, some to be more professional and polite than using first names). Include letters after their name if known, eg., OBE, or professional qualifications abbreviations; also ensure correct job title, company name, address, postcode and date. If you are laying out scholarships essay a letter or a mail-merge for why write, window envelope remember that this requires precise address positioning. Keep the sentences short. Introductory letters must be able to be read and understood in under 30 seconds - less than 20 seconds even better - so your letter will never require more than one side of paper. Essay. The less words the better. Generally three short paragraphs of 'body-copy' suffice.

It's doubtful you'd achieve what you need to in just two; four or five are okay if they're very brief; any more is much too much. Use bullet points if you have a number of short points to make. Whilst you can vary and experiment, a good basic structure (obviously following correct name, address and date details) is: salutation (Dear Mr/Mrs/Ms surname, or Dear Sir/Madam for extra caution) headline or 'banner statement' (optional) credibility and relevance statement (mandatory) - you must establish your credentials and explain your relevant capability or proposition - clever wording here enables you to wrap the statement, two - credibility and a relevant proposition - into a single statement or paragraph how and essay, why statement (optional) - what re the special characteristics of essays mobi, your capability or proposition suggestion of similar opportunity/application for target organisation (optional but useful normally) action/follow up statement (mandatory) - what happens next - explain sign-off P.S. statement (optional - can work well in certain situations - generally avoid using it for senior approaches because it will be seen as gimmicky) sales introduction letter template example. The safest way to discover the competitions, correct contact details is to telephone the secretary or p.a. Say that you'll be writing, and ask to confirm precise address, name and student essays man is hard to find, title details etc.

The old convention was to scholarships use Sir or Madam if you'd not spoken to the person before, but nowadays it's reasonably safe to use Mr/Mrs/Ms (surname). If you use a headline or 'banner statement' it must be concise, relevant, impactful, professional, unique, new. Maximum 15-20 words. Generally avoid 'clever' glib ad-type slogans. Avoid upper case (capitals) lettering - word-shapes are lost when upper case is mobi used. (People read by scholarships, recognising word-shapes not individual letters, so don't use upper case anywhere, as it takes longer to read and reduces impact.) Avoid italics, coloured backgrounds and coloured text too - they all reduce readability and impact. Technical Research Paper Format. Headline should be between two-thirds and three-quarters up the page - where the eye-line is essay naturally first attracted. Often it's easier to decide on your headline after you've written the rest of the letter. The headline is extremely important - take time to refine it into a really powerful and meaningful statement (or question). credibility and relevance statement.

Refer to poems significant and essay competitions, beneficial activities of your company in areas/sectors/industries relevant to the target's business. Technical and complex words help, provided they are relevant and that your target recipient will understand them. Using technical words that are relevant and recognisable to your contact will help to convey that you understand the issues and details from their perspective. Use 'director-speak' - words and phrases that directors use and relate to. Given that most introductory letters avoid mentioning prices many decision-makers find it refreshingly 'up front' and honest - no nonsense - to writing research see clear early indication of financials - if only as a guide. Logically it helps to relate prices or costs to scholarships essay competitions expected returns. Research Paper Format. Remember that most decision-makers in organisations are fundamentally driven by return on investment. There can be risks in essay using direct references to the target's competitors, so be careful - it's more acceptable in aggressively competitive markets - less so in more conservative sectors. Use references that you believe are likely to sociology term questions be the most unique and beneficial and competitions, relevant, (which is in college essay why doing some initial research is useful). Focus on a single theme and result - do not try to scholarships competitions list lots of benefits.

As a general rule, be specific but not detailed, and be broad but not vague. Ensure your proposition has the WIIFM factor - 'What's in essay it for me?' - your contact must feel that it's worth his or her time in pursuing some interest or accepting your call. If you need to explain how the benefits are derived then do so. Keep it general, concise, significant, serious and brief. Essay. This is technical writing research paper format a good place to scholarships competitions imply or suggest the analytic, uniqueness of your capability. It is useful to suggest or state that your company is scholarships 'the only' company able to do whatever you are claiming. Uniqueness is very helpful. suggestion of similar opportunity/application. Suggest that similar opportunities or possibilities might or may exist for the target organisation.

Don't sell, claim or guarantee to be able to do anything. Understatement is a very useful style. Analytic Essays Poems. How can you possibly know for sure until you've understood the client's situation? What you will do next - normally that you'll telephone soon/shortly/in due course. Competitions. Avoid stating a date and of warren buffett, time that you'll phone back - it's presumptuous - how do you know your target person will be available then? (In practice if your target is interested in pursuing the issue opportunity then he or she will normally ask the secretary to essay deal with the arrangements for the next action, and essays of warren, you may not actually need to scholarships essay competitions speak to your target person on student man is to find the telephone - secretaries and p.a.'s are powerful people.) Stick to essay competitions tradition to be safe: use Yours sincerely if you've started with a Dear Mr/Mrs/Ms (name), and sociology, Yours faithfully (if you've started with Dear Sir or Madam). If it fits with the tone and style of the communication, a good 'P.S.', used effectively and appropriately, can be a useful way to attract more attention and to add an essay, additional point, especially one of special interest to the prospect, for instance that you will be in their area during a week or month, or a special offer, or the availability of extra pre-sales information at a website, etc. Avoid using this for senior contacts because it can be seen as gimmicky, and to enroll essay, generally if in doubt don't use it.

A good letter won't need it. example sales introduction letters. This sample letter is very brief and concise. It begins with a credibility statement, which infers the method and scholarships essay competitions, basic proposition. It then presents a financial case - invest 'x' to of warren buffett get 'y'. Senior decision-makers are primarily concerned with return on scholarships essay competitions investment and will need to see some data that helps them assess this. The letter then explains briefly in bullet points what the analytic, method comprises. And then there's the scholarships competitions, action point.

Many experts in advertising and communications believe that adding a 'P.S.' greatly increases success rates. Use the technique with care: ensure that you use a 'P.S.' statement that is appropriate to the context or it could appear irritating or insulting. The sample sales introductory letter below features a real product called the sociology paper questions, Sales Activator®. It happens to be a great product, which helps when you are selling anything. If you are finding it difficult to scholarships competitions put together a great sales introductory letter you might find that your product proposition needs revisiting first. sample sales introduction letter/template. (Company name, address, date and why write statement, your reference) New Flash Bang Wallop (whatever) System/Solution/Concept. Flash Bang Wallop is essay competitions according to (state quotable reputable endorsee) the poems, best new (whatever) for the (state relevant application/territory/time). (Or substitute some other bold statement of quality/effectiveness which can be supported with a reputable endorsee/user).

Leading companies such as (state quotable endorsees/users) now use Flash Bang Wallop, because they've achieved improvements of (state factual range) and/or savings of (state factual range). For a cost equating to (show cost as per day, per scholarships user, and/or per paper team, etc) your staff/customers will (state key unique benefit). The remarkable Flash Bang Wallop uses (briefly, method/difference/special quality) to: significant specific relevant outcome - 1 significant specific relevant outcome - 2 significant specific relevant outcome - 3 significant specific relevant outcome - 4 significant specific relevant outcome - 5. To test Flash Bang Wallop's effectiveness in your organisation, you can arrange a free no-obligation trial now. I'll call you soon, or please feel free to contact me to arrange it.

(Signature, name, title.) P.S. You can see more details about Flash Bang Wallop in the (case study example reference details - ideally a website link). other tips for writing sales letters. These are the important characteristics of good introductory sales letters: 'less is more' - the essay competitions, quicker you can get your point across the better - efficient writing suggests efficient service a single specific impressive (ideally unique or very special) proposition works better than trying to offer many things the visual presentation, font (typeface), and language must be very easy to read write in the 2nd person (use 'you', 'yours' etc) new and essays man is hard to find, unique are more eye-catching than something that is no different to what others offer the proposition must be credible and believable The style and tone of the letter must appeal to the style and tone of the reader (think whom you're writing for and write accordingly) Avoid being clever or funny. Competitions. Avoid posing puzzles - people cannot be bothered to waste their time and they'll feel insulted. Headlines need to grab attention in why write a thesis a relevant and meaningful way. The letter as a whole must aim make the essay competitions, reader think Yes, that's of interest to me, and I like the style of the analytic, letter. I can imagine at essay competitions, least talking to essays of warren this person without feeling I'm just another prospect.

Avoid the scholarships, use of 'I', 'we', 'us', 'ours', except for the obvious (eg 'I will telephone you…'). My Decision In College Essay. Talk about your intended customer and their market, not your own business. Don't include leaflets or brochures to directors. Try to engage the help and advice of the secretary or p.a. - get her on your side. Your chances of the contact seeing the letter increase significantly if you can engage with the intended contact's secretary or p.a. and explain in advance that you are writing.

Always remember that you are trying to sell the appointment not the scholarships competitions, product. Try selling telephone appointments before you try to get a face-to-face meeting. You can achieve a lot on the phone - especially rapport-building, and sociology term paper, understanding their issues and needs - people respond well because it shows you respect their time, and your own. Above all, JFDI (see acronyms). Write some letters, follow them up, and you will get appointments. simple basic sales introduction letter. Here is a very simple general sales introduction letter - you can use this or adapt it for most situations as it is scholarships essay competitions very general. Essays Of Warren Buffett Mobi. This type of introductory letter is ideal for new sales situations when you need to generate some sales leads and enquiries before you know your products and markets in great detail, and need to get something moving.

This type of scholarships essay, letter must be followed up by essay, a phone call - it will not generate a response on its own. Scholarships Competitions. Preferably research your prospects first to understand something about them, and especially to find the name and address details for the relevant decision-maker. This type of buffett, letter is low-pressure - it seeks to establish a connection and scholarships competitions, offer discussion if timely and appropriate for the client. name and address. Dear (Mr/Mrs, etc, name) attention grabbing heading (up to 10 words) (the heading must grab attention - something your prospect will relate to that your proposition will produce - for example, Cost-Effective Sales Enquiry Generation , or Reduce Your Staffing Overheads , or Fast-Track Management Training ) When you next consider your arrangements for (product/service) I would welcome the opportunity to understand your requirements and situation.

(Optional) Our customers include (two or three examples, relevant and known to on a good man is hard to find the prospect), who have found (state key benefit, % savings, strategic advantage) from working with us. I will telephone you soon to agree a future contact time that suits you/your own review timescale. (Name and signature) (Optional 'P.S.' message) It's very quick and easy to create a simple sales introduction letter like the example above. Many sales people fail to send anything at all because they take too long creating the letter and organizing the mail-merge, etc. If you find yourself falling into this trap remember JFDI - get on and do it. Then get on the phone and competitions, follow it up. Sending a simple professional sales introduction letter overcomes the initial obstacle that most organizations use as a defence against sales introductions. A good simple introductory letter can also establish a level of credibility and professionalism in the mind of the contact and his or her p.a., who is likely to be the person who reads and deals with the letter first. tips for submissions of inventions, patents, new product ideas and proposals to potential licensee or partner organizations. Submitting inventions, patents and new product or service ideas, or new business propositions, to potential licensee companies or partners is a complex area as regards patents and intellectual property (if applicable), but in all other respects is term quite simple.

It's just a form of selling. You are selling your idea and yourself. If your proposal or idea concerns a new invention, then your approach will be influenced by scholarships, your country or regional laws as to why write a thesis statement how best to protect and register your intellectual property. In the case of inventions, do not leap in and apply for essay competitions, a patent without first reading and taking advice on the best approach for sociology questions, your own situation. Essay Competitions. Patents are expensive, and man is hard to find, moreover they will reveal your ideas when published, which might not be desirable if your idea is still under development, or you are unsure of scholarships essay competitions, your aims and strategy. It is important that you research the existing market for similar ideas. Many inventors assume they have come up with an original idea, spend lots of time and money on it, only to find that the idea isn't new or advantageous to the market. Be careful whom you expose your ideas to. Telling people about your ideas without the format, protection of non-disclosure and secrecy agreements effectively puts your ideas into the public domain and will commonly make it impossible to successfully apply later for a patent.

Telling people will also risk your idea coming into the hands of people who will use it as their own. Be careful if you engage one of the many inventors 'agencies'. Some of these are parasitic organisations who will charge you a fee for basically doing what you could have done yourself if you just read and learn for yourself. Scholarships Essay Competitions. Some are worse and exploit inventors for extortionate fees, irrespective of whether the inventions have a real chance in the market-place. Analytic Poems. So before engaging an essay competitions, agency of this type, clearly and sociology term paper questions, firmly clarify what they will do for you, and check a few references from among their existing inventor customers. Avoid incurring legal costs until you are sure that such services and scholarships, costs are necessary, and assess this requirement for yourself.

If you ask a patent lawyer you can predict what the answer will be. And they'll say you need a lawyer not because they are deliberately exploiting you, it will be because their approach is to student essays on a good man is to find err on the side of caution, in the face of everything and anything that could go wrong. At some stage you may well need a lawyer to help with patents and intellectual property - certainly you will if your venture comes to life and offers a reasonable scale - but wait until you need one before incurring these costs. At some stage as well you will need to consider product liability. It is likely that any licensee or partner will want to hold you responsible for essay competitions, ultimate liability for in college, product safety, and although this is scholarships competitions commonly negotiable, you need to be aware of the issue at the outset. At some point you must ensure suitable insurance is put in place for why write a thesis statement, your own protection in this area. As regards selling your idea, it is essential that you look at and judge your invention or proposal from scholarships essay a marketing and student essays on a good hard, commercial standpoint.

Your own subjective personal opinion, or your mum's or friends' views, are irrelevant. Essay Competitions. The questions are: Is the invention or new product idea significantly better than anything else currently available? Has anyone else thought of it yet? Is there a market for it? If so how big is the market and my decision in college essay, what is the customer profile?

Can the invention or idea be distributed via existing or easily established channels? Can it be developed and essay competitions, manufactured for buffett, a cost that will allow a supplier to make a profit on it? Have you taken into account the costs of design development, production development, tooling, origination, packaging, advertising and scholarships, promotion, sales and distribution, training, wastage, returns, servicing, replacement, environmental and health and safety implications, corporate social responsibility, and analytic poems, recovery of other business overheads? Does the profit per item, after all these costs, multiplied by competitions, the realistic volumes (bearing in mind usual market inertia and resistance to new ideas, and competition alternatives), equate to in college a financial gain that is big enough to make a significant difference to essay the profit of the sort of sociology paper questions, companies you are approaching? If so what is the scholarships essay, pay-back timescale, and what is the of warren buffett, return on investment for the licensee? Is the return on investment from your invention better than the ROI from other new product or market development options available to your potential licensees? Will the invention or new product idea fit with the style, quality, processes, aspirations, etc., of the essay competitions, sort of companies you are approaching?

Can you demonstrate all of a thesis statement, these factors to scholarships essay competitions a potential licensee, in a clear, professional presentation lasting no longer than 30 minutes? When and if you are able to answer these questions positively, then you can feel justified in approaching potential licensees or distribution partners. The fewer of why write a thesis, these questions that you can answer positively, then the less likely you will be to succeed. Your plans are likely to encounter some chicken-and-egg dilemmas, for scholarships, example - how do you gauge market reaction if you cannot expose the sociology paper, concept?; and how do you calculate return on investment if you don't know the essay, details of the potential licensee's costs of good man is, manufacturing and overheads? In short you need to be pragmatic and adaptable, develop rough estimates to more precise data as and when you are able.

Your entire proposition is a rough concept to begin with, in scholarships all respects. Essay. You must mould it into shape over time. Tighten up the facts and figures as you go along. That's why even very big corporations use the expressions 'cigarette packet' or 'table napkin' when describing early stage new concepts and ideas. Not much is known, but critically the rough estimates stack up into a good-looking business case. You must be sure your idea does too. When you are ready to approach potential licensees make sure you research the organisations and their markets first. It's easy to do this on the web.

Phone the companies also for scholarships competitions, their brochures, and annual reports if available. This will help you to build a picture of how they operate and what they need. Understand the market, the suppliers, the man is to find, distribution, the market leaders, and essay, their competitive strengths. Select your potential partners carefully. Perhaps complete a SWOT analysis for each. Importantly, understand the my decision to enroll, basic financials - their turnover, volumes, market shares, typical profit margins - especially gross margins (before operating overheads) - as this helps you compare and assess the gross margins offered by your invention or idea. And then aim to get meeting with them. Definitely resist explaining your ideas by post or email.

You should ideally seek an opportunity to scholarships essay present your invention or idea in person, together with all the supporting business case justification that surrounds it - this is what sells the idea. An idea with a strong business case is far more likely to be considered. When you try to why write statement arrange your meeting I would not recommend that you write first. Phone first. Phone each company (somebody at head office in the commercial or marketing department is a reasonable start point - if in doubt start with the p.a. to the divisional CEO or general manager) and find out reliably and exactly each of their preferred processes for the submission of outside inventions or new business ideas. Who are their people who are responsible for assessing new ideas from outside partners? And then follow their process. It will be different for each company, and will therefore require a different letter for each.

I'd add the following points: Expect to essay competitions be asked or better still offer to sign/provide a mutual non-disclosure agreement. You need this for your own protection, especially if you have not yet applied for sociology paper, a patent. Competitions. Also, potential licensees - especially big corporations - are commonly concerned that outside inventors' ideas could coincide with their own NPD (new product development), which would create a potential vulnerability for the corporation if the outside inventor is sociology paper able to claim after a disclosure that they (the inventor) own the scholarships essay competitions, idea. For this reason big corporations have rigorous submission processes which can be off-putting. It's a matter of working with their processes and policies.

To approach smaller companies - say below ?200m/$300m size - I suggest you phone the p.a. to sociology paper the CEO and essay, ask her/his advice how to submit or make your approach. If they don't have a non-disclosure agreement then you should provide one. When you know what sort of letter to write, keep the my decision to enroll essay, letter short, and generally try to follow the principles outlined in the guidelines above for other introductory sales letters. The same principles apply - you are selling yourself and your idea - but first you need to sell the appointment. Letters of competitions, this sort really need simply to say that your invention is in the area of (product/service sector), and the market advantages and financial returns will accrue to poems the licensee.

Do not explain what the invention is in writing until you have exchanged NDA's (non-disclosure agreements), and ideally you should wait to explain/present your invention, and the make-up of your team, in person at a meeting. I say 'your team' because the potential licensee will be interested in the people who constitute your company or group (and they will certainly need at some stage to satisfy themselves that you have suitable integrity, reliability, back-up, etc). The potential licensee will be as concerned about you as they are concerned about the idea. Many corporations already have an scholarships essay, established inventor community - these will be trusted people and companies - your challenge is to become one of these, or at essays on a good, least to meet the qualifying criteria (which will certainly require you to possess some commercial and market awareness, integrity, as well as technical and scholarships, creative capability - so work on my decision in college attaining these attributes). Below is a basic template and sample letter for submitting a new idea, invention, or business proposition. Adapt it according to the process that potential licensee or partner company tells you to follow, (in other words the scholarships essay competitions, information they need, in order to meet with you). As a final point - resist being bullied by potential licensee companies or potential partners.

Do not provide details of a thesis, your idea until and unless you are happy with the intentions, integrity, and authority of the scholarships, other party. There will be some corporate marketing executives, product managers, and technical managers who will want to discover your ideas, but will have no intention (or authority) to do anything with them. This is another reason for starting at the top - with the CEO's p.a. - to in college learn and make use of the scholarships competitions, organisation's official procedure for the submission of outside ideas and inventions. letters template and sample - for inventions and my decision in college, ideas submissions. Adapt this sample letter - use it as a template guide - to suit your own situation.

(Company name, address, date and essay, your reference) (use a title that will mean something to on a man is hard to find the reader, for scholarships competitions, example: 'unique new product for essays of warren, child education market', or exciting new business proposition for sales training sector', or 'innovative new product for the automotive security sector') Further to out telephone conversation on (date) here is an outline of our proposal. I am (brief credibility statement - for example: 'I am an expert in the field of [discipline/technology/market, etc], qualified to [qualifications], with [experience]' or 'I own and run the scholarships competitions, [name] product development company, which specialises in [market/technology] and is (accreditations/quality standards/previous achievements]') We have developed a highly innovative product/solution for writing research, the (describe market) sector. Our research indicates that our formula/invention/technology is unique and will offer significant advantage over scholarships all available similar and competing products/services. We can prove/show/demonstrate design, development, production, and distribution viability, a likely unit cost of ?/$(cost)/gross margin in excess of X%, and realisable sales volumes of Y,000/million units over N years. Of Warren Mobi. We estimate that the scholarships essay, investment required for design and development necessary for to enroll in college, launch would be in the region of essay competitions, ?/$(cost).

Our idea will deliver the following customer benefits: (list 3-5 points - do not give away invention or idea secrets - focus on what it does that other products cannot, not how it does it) for example - can be used under water meets safety standards for pre-school market battery life of essays good man is hard to find, five years. We believe that this new product could fit well within the essay, (prospect organisation name) portfolio, given your market strengths, values and customer base, and writing research, so we would like to present our ideas to you and your appropriate team. If you'd like to proceed to the next stage we would expect to sign a mutual non-disclosure agreement, and await your advice on scholarships this. I'll call you soon to see if you wish to progress matters. Or please contact me.

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Alice Childress Childress, Alice - Essay. Essay! Alice Childress 1920-1994. American playwright, screenwriter, novelist, prose writer, editor, and good man is hard, author of children's books. Childress is considered a pivotal yet critically neglected figure in contemporary African-American literature. Scholarships Competitions! Because she wrote about paper questions such topics as miscegenation and teenage drug abuse, some of her works have been banned from schools and libraries in scholarships various regions. In her dramas as well as in her novels for children and adults, Childress drew upon her own experiences and created relatively normal, everyday protagonists. My Decision To Enroll! Childress was born in Charleston, South Carolina, but grew up in Harlem in New York City. She was raised primarily by scholarships competitions, her grandmother, who was an early influence on her writing, and attended high school for two years but left before graduation. She held several jobs while acting as a member of the American Negro Theatre in Harlem; as part of the company, she performed in A Midsummer Night's Dream and other works. Childress began to write dramas, later attributing this decision in part to her grandmother. She received a Harvard appointment as playwright and scholar to the Radcliffe Institute for Independent Study from a thesis statement, 1966 to 1968.

In 1977 she received the first Paul Robeson Award for Outstanding Contributions to the Performing Arts from the Black Filmmakers Hall of Fame. She died on August 14, 1994. Scholarships Competitions! Childress's first play, Florence, was produced in 1949. Set in on a man is hard to find a segregated railway station, the play explores the competitions, profound impact of racism on an African-American woman and a liberated white woman. Wedding Band (1966), which focuses on South Carolina's anti-miscegenation laws and a thesis statement, an interracial love affair, was both controversial and difficult to produce. Despite praise accorded to scholarships essay its initial 1966 production in Michigan, Wedding Band did not reach a wider audience until 1973, when it was performed in New York.

In Wine in the Wilderness (1969), Childress explored intraracial hostilities and prejudices. Although she devoted most of why write statement her career to drama, Childress was also a noted author of essay competitions children's literature. She wrote two plays and three novels for children, including A Hero Ain't Nothin' but a Sandwich (1973) and essays, Rainbow Jordan (1981). By far her best-known work, A Hero Ain't Nothin' but a Sandwich is the story of thirteen-year-old Benjie Johnson's emerging addiction to heroin. His story is told from many points of essay competitions view, including those of his stepfather, teachers, and drug dealer. Childress was instrumental in the genesis of African-American theater in to enroll in college America, and throughout her career remained a vital, uncompromising force in contemporary drama. Her plays and children's books have received much praise, yet many critics believe her work deserves even more attention and recognition. Although Florence was produced on a small scale in Harlem, the critical praise it received launched Childress's career.

With Gold through the Trees, (1952) she became the essay competitions, first African-American woman to have a play professionally produced on the American stage, and with Trouble in Mind (1955) she was the technical writing, first woman to win an Obie Award for best original off-Broadway play. Essay! A Hero Ain't Nothin' but a Sandwich was Childress's most controversial work and accounted for the majority of her critical attention. Despite overwhelming praise for its realistic treatment of a sensitive issue, several school districts banned the book, apparently on the grounds that its theme was inappropriate for young readers. Access our Alice Childress Study Guide for Free. Florence (drama) 1949. Just a Little Simple [adaptor; from the short story collection Simple Speaks His Mind by essay, Langston Hughes] (drama) 1950. Gold through the essay, Trees (drama) 1952. Trouble in Mind (drama) 1955. Like One of the Family: Conversations from a Domestic's Life (prose) 1956.

Wedding Band: A Love/Hate Story in of warren Black and White (drama) 1966. The Freedom Drum (drama) 1969. String [adaptor; from the short story “A Piece of String” by scholarships essay competitions, Guy de Maupassant] (drama) 1969. Student Essays On A Good Hard! Wine in the Wilderness: A Comedy Drama (drama) 1969. Wine in the Wilderness (screenplay) 1969. Mojo: A Black Love Story (drama) 1970.

A Hero Ain't Nothin' but a Sandwich (novel) 1973. Wedding Band (screenplay) 1973. When the Rattlesnake Sounds (drama) 1975. Let's Hear It for competitions the Queen (drama) 1976. Sea Island Song (drama) 1977. A Hero Ain't Nothin' but a Sandwich (screenplay) 1978. My Decision In College! A Short Walk (novel) 1979.

String (screenplay) 1979. Rainbow Jordan (novel) 1981. Moms: A Praise Play for a Black Comedienne (drama) 1987. Those Other People (novel) 1989. SOURCE: “Whose Name, Whose Protection: Reading Alice Childress's Wedding Band, ” in Modern American Drama: The Female Canon, edited by June Schlueter, Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 1990, pp. 184-96. [ In the following essay, Wiley examines feminist and racial perspectives on Childress's Wedding Band.] In the first act of Wedding Band, a scene of reading and essay competitions, performance occurs that lies at the center of a feminist interpretation of the technical, play. Mattie, a black woman who makes her living selling candy and caring for a little white girl, has received a letter from her husband in the Merchant Marine and needs a translator for essay it. Her new neighbor, Julia, the educated outsider trying to fit into working-class surroundings, reads the sentimental sailor's letter aloud. After her performance, in which the women listening have actively participated, Mattie tells Julia that, in addition to his love, her husband gives her what is why write a thesis, more important, his name and protection. These two standards of conventional love are denied Julia because her lover of competitions ten years is analytic, white; and scholarships, even Mattie learns that because she never divorced her first husband, she is not now legally married and cannot receive marital war benefits.

Neither woman enjoys a man's name or his protection, in part because the chivalry implied in my decision in college essay such privilege was unattainable for blacks in the Jim Crow society of scholarships 1918 South Carolina. The women in Wedding Band learn to depend on themselves and each other rather than on absent men, a self-reliance born painfully through self-acceptance. Wedding Band received mixed reviews when it opened off-Broadway in 1972. It was described both as “the play about black life in America that isn't a ‘black’ play” 1 and too much “like a story wrenched from the pages of what used to be known as a magazine for women.” 2 Interesting for their racist and technical research format, sexist connotations, these comments betray the scholarships, reviewers' uncritical assumptions about technical research paper format who constitutes a theater audience. The play doesn't look “black” because its integrationist subtext surfaces only essay occasionally and its political urgency is dressed safely in essays of warren buffett mobi realistic period costume. New York theater patrons of 1972 applauding the competitions, drama as entertainment alone could assure themselves that the play's World War I setting depicted a reality long past. The first reviewer assumes that a “black” play, one that speaks primarily to a black audience, is implicitly alien and uninteresting to a white audience. Representations of so-called minority lives told from a minority point of view cannot interest the rest of us, if we are white. Likewise, the pages of a women's magazine would bore us if we were men, because they focus on essays good hard to find, the small, private issues of home and heart.

And although none of the scholarships competitions, liberal reviewers profess any shock over on a to find, the play's important theme of miscegenation, no New York producers would touch Wedding Band until 1972, six years after it was written and first performed, attesting to the subject's unpopularity. My reading of the play argues that its subject is less interracial heterosexual relations than the competitions, relations between black women and between black women and mobi, white women in World War I—era South Carolina. That said, I must add that I perceive a certain danger in trying to scholarships essay read feminist rather than racial politics into Alice Childress's play. On A Good Man Is To Find! White feminists must take care not to offer our own invaluable “name and essay, protection” to black women writers who do not need them. For a feminist criticism that is not limited to the privileged location of many of its practitioners, it is crucial that white feminists read the work of black women, especially those like Childress who have been all but ignored in academic theater. A Thesis! We might read in the same spirit of canon disruption inspiring the informal creation of essay a women's literary counter-canon, recognizing that in why write the same way white women writers were denied membership in the old canon on the basis of “greatness,” we may be guilty of blocking black women writers for the same reason. The value of a literary text cannot be defined out of context. Scholarships Competitions! White readers should try to decentralize our historically majority context—to see ourselves, for once, in the margins with respect to the Afro-American women's literary tradition.

I recognize with dismay the truth of analytic Hortense J. Spillers's statement: “When we say ‘feminist’ with an adjective in competitions front of it, we mean, of course, white women, who, as a category of technical research social and cultural agents, fully occupy the territory of feminism.” 3 But does including Afro-American women writers in the canon, which seems to be my project in writing for this book, imitate a colonizing gesture? Am I offering the protection of the canon to Alice Childress, protection on the canon's (and for now, white women's) terms? Instead of attempting to answer these questions now, I can only say that I am beginning to learn to read black women's plays in the same way many feminists ask men to read women's texts. Rather than seeing myself reflected in their work, I want to understand why my difference makes these plays a challenge to read. Difference has become a feminist catch-word, complicated by its dual usage as what makes women different from men as well as what makes women different from each other. Scholarships Competitions! Teresa de Lauretis and Linda Gordon have argued recently that the first definition, which makes women's primary characteristic the fact that we are not men, risks becoming a substitute for women's opposition to men's discriminatory practice. This opposition, however, has always differed from one group of women to another, because our discrimination as women has always differed. On A Good Hard! 4 The various ways we have resisted male practice through history define women as much as what we have in common biologically. It is essay, not enough for white feminists merely to tolerate women of color or invite them to join our canon, but to understand how we are different, to technical writing paper understand differences among women as differences within women. Because, in scholarships competitions de Lauretis' words, “not only does feminism exist despite those differences, but … it cannot continue to exist without them.” 5. Many of these differences, especially between black women and white women in the United States, have been constituted historically.

As Childress writes in essays good man is to find the Negro Digest of April 1967, her newest play, Wedding Band, serves as a reminder of the many promises made in 1918 that are still unkept in 1967. 6 During the gap between the play's initial production in 1966 at the University of Michigan and today, most of the promises of integration have been fulfilled legally; however, we still have much to competitions learn of the limits of the successes of the civil rights movement. Although the Negro Digest article refers specifically to the Jim Crow laws prohibiting intermarriage, Childress's play can be read today as a history lesson pointed at white women to remind them and us, in 1966 or now, that our vision of sisterly equality has always left some sisters out. Essays Buffett Mobi! Until the Civil War, the women's rights movement was essentially inseparable from the abolitionist movement. As Angelina Grimke, the southern white abolitionist, wrote in scholarships essay competitions 1838: The discussion of the rights of the slave has opened the way for the discussion of other rights, and the ultimate result will most certainly be the breaking of every yoke, the letting the oppressed of every grade and description go free,—an emancipation far more glorious than any the world has ever yet seen. 7. But the essays poems, interests of women fighting for decades to assure themselves a voice in the political process could not be reconciled to scholarships competitions those of white politicians eager to term paper take advantage of black men's votes. Scholarships Essay Competitions! Despite their political training as abolitionists, most of the essays of warren buffett, white suffragists were quick to forgo interracial solidarity as their own movement foundered in the Reconstruction era. 8. Black women's frustration heard an echo a century later as the civil rights movement shifted from its origins in scholarships competitions the rural south to the industrialized north. Hundreds of black women in the south led the grassroots movement for desegregation and voter registration in the late 1950s, and in the early 1960s they trained younger white women who had come down from northern colleges to take part in the Freedom Rides. The early civil rights movement had been affected most dramatically by my decision to enroll in college essay, an army of nameless women: black women who honed their leadership skills in the only place available to them, their churches. But in 1964, an essay competitions, anonymous paper about women's position in the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) circulated at the Waveland Conference, although assumed to be written by a black woman, was written by two white women who were trying to inject the civil rights movement with theories of women's liberation.

Although these white women had learned invaluable skills, including the courage to withstand jailings, beatings, and death threats, from the black women, their influence in format the overall movement dwindled in the mid-60s, partly because of their sexual liaisons with black men. The Waveland Conference position paper, which criticized the assumption of essay male superiority at work in SNCC by comparing it with white superiority, marked the move of white women out technical research format, of the civil rights movement and into the women's movement. Sexual discrimination in the civil rights movement forced white activists to confront their differences from black women in a way they had not since the struggle over voting rights a century earlier. The result of this confrontation, according to scholarships essay many historians, was the same: white women abandoned Afro-American liberation to poems pursue a goal closer to home, that of a race- and class-specific women's liberation. 9. Set chronologically midway between the poles of Reconstruction and civil rights, Wedding Band describes an era when lynching presented one answer to demands for equality in the south, while Harlem flowered as a mecca for scholarships essay competitions black culture in the north. In the 1960s, white women and black men's sexual relations generated tension in the black community, but miscegenation as the analytic, white master's rape of his slave retains deeper historical ramifications for black women. Childress's drama, subtitled “a love/hate story in competitions black and white,” takes place on the tenth anniversary of Julia and her white lover in the small backyard tenement to which Julia has moved after being evicted from countless other houses.

Determined to get along with her nosy but well-meaning neighbors, Julia seems to have won a guarded acceptance until her lover, Herman, visits her. Sociology! He has brought her a gold wedding band on scholarships essay competitions, a chain, and they plan to buy tickets on technical writing format, the Clyde Line to New York, where Julia will proudly and legally bear Herman's name. But Herman succumbs to the influenza epidemic, and in the second act he lies in Julia's bed waiting for his mother and sister to scholarships competitions take him to essays of warren buffett a white doctor. Julia's landlady has refused to help because it is illegal for Herman to be in Julia's house, and she cannot appear to sanction Julia's immoral behavior. Herman's mother sides with the landlady in preserving respectability even at the cost of her son's life, and she will not carry him to competitions the doctor until it grows dark enough to hide him. In the last scene, Herman returns to writing research paper format Julia with the boat tickets, which she refuses to competitions take because his mother has convinced her that blacks and whites can never live together. Finally she appears to my decision relent so that Herman can die believing that Julia, even without him, will go north. The secondary characters, however, more than the competitions, two lovers, underscore the analytic, drama's didactic politics. They are types, but not stereotypes, and scholarships essay competitions, their separate dilemmas and personalities describe the injustices blacks have endured in the south. The landlady, Fanny, the essays buffett mobi, neighbors Mattie and Lula, Lula's adopted son, Nelson, and the abusive white traveling salesman give the stage community a historical idiosyncrasy missing from Julia and Herman's relationship.

Fanny has proudly joined the middle-class by acquiring property and exploiting her tenants (in 1918 a relatively new possibility for black women) in the name of racial uplift. Competitions! As homeworkers, Mattie and Lula exist bound to a variety of semi-skilled, low-paying jobs to analytic feed their children. Nelson, as a soldier in the newly desegregated United States army, assumes that when the scholarships competitions, war is over he will be given the rights of a full citizen, even in student on a to find South Carolina. Scholarships Essay! He is a forerunner of the militant youth who would later provide the impatient voice to the nascent civil rights movement of the essays of warren mobi, late 1940s, and whose dreams of integration would be realized only scholarships competitions partially in the 1960s. Student On A Good! These characters who inhabit Miss Fanny's backyard tenement underscore the vexed issue of scholarships difference as explored by the feminist scholars cited above. Julia's problem throughout the play is less her white lover than her reluctance to essays poems see herself as a member of the black community. Although a mostly white theater audience would see her as a different sort of heroine because of race, her black neighbors perceive her as different from essay competitions, them for issues more complex than skin color. She assumes that her racial transgression with Herman will make her unwelcome among the women she wishes to confide in, but her aloofness from their day-to-day interests also serves as a protective shield.

In this, Julia is similar to my decision to enroll in college essay Lutie Johnson in Ann Petry's The Street, written in scholarships 1946. To Enroll Essay! 10 Both characters are ostensibly defined by their unequal relations with men, but their potential for salvation lies in the larger community that depends on the stability of essay its women. Lutie Johnson is so determined to a thesis statement move off “the street” in Harlem she thinks is essay, pulling her down that she refuses to to enroll in college join the community Harlem offers her, a community that in some ways defies the white society keeping it poor. Neither poor nor uneducated, Julia finds herself defying the black community by essay, asserting her right to love a white man, but this self-assertion is, in a larger sense, a more dangerous defiance of the white community. She wants her love story to be one of individual commitment and sacrifice, but it is that only in part. Julia's refinement in manners, education, and financial independence, which are middle-class, traditionally white attributes, make her and Herman available to each other. But theirs is, as the subtitle insists, a “love/hate” story, in which interracial love cannot be divorced from centuries of statement racial hate.

As Wedding Band opens, Julia sleeps on her bed in the new house while a little girl enters her yard weeping about scholarships essay a quarter she has lost. Her mother, Mattie, chases the girl, threatening to whip her unless she finds “the only quarter I got to my name,” the quarter that was to buy the ingredients to make the candy she sells (78). 11 Julia tries to sleep through this scene, but she cannot hide from to enroll, either the noise or the predicaments because the coin has rolled under her porch and scholarships essay, Mattie is trying to knock it down to get at the money. When Julia tries to escape back into her private room after. (The entire section is 6271 words.) Get Free Access to this Alice Childress Study Guide. Of Warren! Start your 48-hour free trial to unlock this resource and thousands more. Get Better Grades.

Our 30,000+ summaries will help you comprehend your required reading to ace every test, quiz, and essay. We've broken down the scholarships competitions, chapters, themes, and characters so you can understand them on your first read-through. Research Format! Access Everything From Anywhere. We have everything you need in one place, even if you're on the go. Download our handy iOS app for free. Alice Childress with Roberta Maguire (interview date 1993) SOURCE: “Alice Childress,” in The Playwright's Art: Conversations with Contemporary American Dramatists, edited by Jackson R. Bryer, Rutgers University Press, 1995, pp.

48-69. [ In the following interview, which took place in 1993, Childress discusses her attraction to and experience in the theater, as well as the scholarships essay competitions, feminist and racial issues explored in her work. ] [ Maguire: ] This afternoon in the workshop you gave you spoke a fair amount about paper format what you've written and essay competitions, why you've written it, but what specifically attracted you to write for the theatre? [Childress:] I guess I explained in the workshop that my grandmother worked seemingly. (The entire section is 9650 words.) Get Free Access to this Alice Childress Study Guide. Start your 48-hour free trial to unlock this resource and thousands more. SOURCE: “Alice Childress's Like One of the Family : Domestic and Undomesticated Domestic Humor,” in Look Who's Laughing: Gender and Comedy, edited by Gail Finney, Gordon and Breach, 1994, pp. 221-29. Term Paper! [ In the following essay, Dresner identifies rebellion as the scholarships competitions, link between the humor of the white suburban housewife and the African-American domestic worker. ] What has been termed “domestic” or “housewife” humor emerged in post-World War II America in response to sociology questions the back-to-the-home antifeminist sentiment engendered by the political conservatism that considered any threat to the status quo a sign of creeping Communism. Characterized as a body of. (The entire section is 4064 words.) Patricia R. Schroeder (essay date 1995) SOURCE: “Re-Reading Alice Childress,” in Staging Difference: Cultural Pluralism in competitions American Theatre and Drama, edited by Marc Maufort, Peter Lang, 1995, pp.

32-7. [ In the following essay, Schroeder surveys the my decision to enroll, reasons for competitions the critical neglect of Childress's work—especially on the part of feminist critics—and urges a reassessment of her oeuvre. ] Until quite recently, playwright and novelist Alice Childress has received relatively little critical attention. When her plays attracted scholarly notice at writing research format, all, it was often the sort that labelled her work in competitions a limited way, thereby ghettoizing her plays and paving the way for further critical neglect. She has been. (The entire section is 6083 words.) Alma Jean Billingslea-Brown (essay date 1996) SOURCE: “The ‘Blight of Legalized Limitation’ in Alice Childress's Wedding Band, ” in Law and Literature Perspectives, edited by Bruce L. Sociology Term Paper Questions! Rockwood, Peter Lang, 1996, pp. 39-51. [ In the following essay, Billingslea-Brown considers the impact of anti-miscegenation laws on the lives of the characters in Childress's Wedding Band.] Between American jurisprudence and literary expression by African Americans, there is competitions, multifaceted relationship, one that has at its center questions of freedom and identity. It may be argued, in fact, that the impulse to creative expression by African Americans arises, in part, from the need to legitimize the analytic poems, human and cultural. (The entire section is 4176 words.)

Beth Turner (essay date Spring 1997) SOURCE: “Simplifyin': Langston Hughes and essay competitions, Alice Childress Re/member Jesse B. Analytic! Semple,” in Langston Hughes Review, Vol. 15, No. 1, Spring, 1997, pp. 37-48. [ In the following essay, Turner compares the history and nature of Langston Hughes's Simply Heavenly and Childress's Just a Little Simple in scholarships essay competitions order to gain insight into the “complex nature of Black comedic representation.” ]

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Freud’s Psychoanalysis of the Film “Psycho” Alfred Hitchcock was one of the most outstanding filmmakers of the competitions 20th century. He was born in 1899 in Leytonstone, East London. In 1920, Hitchcock obtained a full-time job designing film titles. While working, he endeavored to learn as much as he could about the film business. Why Write A Thesis? Within 3 years of starting his job at the studio, Hitchcock became an assistant director and, in 1925, a director.

In a career spanning six decades, Hitchcock made 53 films, the best of which are at once suspenseful, exciting, disturbing, funny and scholarships romantic. We will write a custom essay sample. on Freud’s Psychoanalysis of the Film “Psycho” or any similar. topic specifically for you. The so-called ‘master of suspense’ pioneered many of the techniques of the questions thriller genre, and remains highly influential to this day. He was one of the first directors to scholarships portray psychological processes in film narrative.

During much of sociology term, Hitchcock’s career, Freud’s ideas were dominant, and although Hitchcock was skeptical of psychoanalysis, Freudian concepts and motifs recur in many of his films. Hitchcock’s films usually centre on either murder or espionage, with deception, mistaken identities, and chase sequences complicating and enlivening the plot. Three main themes predominate in Hitchcock’s films. The most common is that of the innocent man who is scholarships essay mistakenly suspected or accused of a crime and who must then track down the real perpetrator in order to clear himself. Examples of films having this theme include The Lodger, Strangers on a Train, I Confess, To Catch a Thief, The Wrong Man, and Frenzy. The second theme is that of the guilty woman who enmeshes a male protagonist and ends up either destroying him or being saved by him; examples of this theme include Blackmail, Notorious, Rebecca, Vertigo, and Marnie. The third theme is that of the (frequently psychopathic) murderer whose identity is established during the working out of the plot; examples of this theme include Shadow of technical writing research format, a Doubt, Rope, Rear Window, and Psycho. Hitchcock’s films always have close relationship with Freud’s psychoanalysis.

Through the devices of suspense and horror in his movies, he produced the perfect combination of film and scholarships essay competitions psychology, which presents the audiences a vivid interpretation of Freud’s psychoanalysis. Page 2 Freud’s Psychoanalysis of the Film “Psycho” Essay. is the first great film director who explained Freud’s psychoanalysis theories, such as dream analysis, psychological trauma, Libido, Oedipus complex in his movies. Therefore, to some extent, he promoted the widely spread of Freud’s theories. Thus, people regard Hitchcock as “the Freud in term movie industry”. Competitions? Freud’s work was very influential during the questions 20th century. He became known as the founding father of essay competitions, psychoanalysis. Some of the why write important ideas that he introduced are the essay competitions idea of human psyche being divided into 3 parts: the id, ego and superego, the on a good hard Oedipus/Electra complex, stages in the development of a child etc. We will elaborate on these ideas once we start the detailed analysis of the movie Psycho.

Since a movie is a product of the essay times when it was filmed, it naturally depicts the society of that time. Hitchcock’s movies, in particular, give us an insight into sociology term questions the abnormality that existed beneath the surface of the perfect American society. There was a sense of uniformity that pervaded American society during the 1950s. Conformity was common, as young and essay old alike followed group norms rather than striking out on their own. Though men and women had been forced into new employment patterns during World War II, once the war was over, traditional roles were reaffirmed. Men were expected to be the breadwinners; women, even when they worked, assumed their proper place was at home.

Women were expected to be perfect, in every way. They were expected to wear pearls and high heels and await the return of their all-knowing husband. Women were trained into this routine from an early age. Everyone wanted the perfect TV family. Television and my decision other forms of scholarships, technology became widespread through the country. TV shows like Leave it to Beaver and The Honeymooners showed how it was to be a family in the 1950’s. The television gave much of the country something to do. Analytic? It changed the model of the home, living rooms now revolved around the television set.

Domestic comedies stretched the essay values and to enroll morals of the time period. What was portrayed on television became accepted as normal. The ideal family, the ideal schools and neighborhoods, the world, were all seen in a way which had only partial basis in reality. For this reason people have often also assumed that these fictional households ought to mirror not simply family life in general, but their own personal values regarding it. However, the competitions society in America held millions of secrets.

Outwardly, people appeared to hold higher values and morals than they practiced in of warren mobi their family and private lives. What was under this perfect image was a wasteland of scholarships essay competitions, cheap houses, bored men commuting to work, unhappy housewives, and greedy, demanding children. Society affects the psychology of an individual by setting number of rules, expectations and laws. From the term questions point of view of psychologists, psychological illnesses stem from scholarships essay competitions, society’s demand that some of my decision to enroll, our instincts be repressed. People are pressurized to keep the appearance of leading a life according to social norms and if they do something that is scholarships essay not socially accepted, it must be hidden. From the very beginning of the film Psycho, Hitchcock takes us behind closed doors and into the secret lives of his characters.

The opening scene presents a survey of the city of Phoenix. As we scan the buildings, the camera focuses on poems, one building and takes us closer until we enter through an opened window to scholarships find the main female character Marion Crane and a thesis statement her lover Sam in a motel room. , from essay competitions, here on, the pattern of moving deeper than surface appearances to find aspects of life normally unseen continues. At first sight, Marion is a respectable young lady who works as a secretary in Phoenix. However, she has a secret love affair with Sam, a divorced man with severe financial difficulties. Marion’s love for Sam drives her to steal 40 000 dollars in order to help him. Freud would explain this action as stemming from the id. Freud offered a structural model of the human psyche consisting of 3 elements: id, ego and man is hard to find superego. The id relies on the “pleasure principle” looking only for gratification and scholarships essay competitions not looking at the consequences.

The super ego aims for what’s right and it runs on guilt. Both the id and superego conflict with each other to produce the ego, or the culture of the society. The ego is the meeting of the id with the student good hard to find superego; it represses the essay competitions inappropriate desires of the id. The ego leads to the development of buffett mobi, self. Hitchcock demonstrates the essay Id when Marion steals the $40000; she was looking only upon the gratification of the money. In the essays opening scene, Marion Crane is half undressed in a motel room with Sam wearing a white bra because Hitchcock wanted to show her as being “angelic”.

After she has taken the money, the following scene with Marion undressed occurs when she is packing for her escape to California but now she is wearing a black bra because now she has done something wrong. As she exits the town to escape judgment, her super-ego attempts to enforce conscious morality. She imagines conversations between those hurt by her crime: her boss, her sister, her boyfriend, and the man she stole the money from. She is still not dissuaded and continues. Essay Competitions? The split personality motif reaches the height of its foreshadowing power as Marion battles both sides of her conscience while driving towards the Bates Motel. Marion wrestles with the voices of term, those that her crime and disappearance has affected. While driving, she imagines a conversation with Sam, a conversation of her boss with her colleague, and a conversation between her boss and his client from scholarships competitions, whom she has stolen the money. Term Paper? We hear their voices on the sound track as an interior monologue.

This voices stand for the superego and we can see it in the next scene. For the scholarships essay competitions first time Marion is why write acting in a neurotic way, now that she is under pressure because of the competitions money she is stealing to paper finance her marriage with Sam. We see her nervous and uneasy face in a close-up. She obviously has come under stress, which is essay competitions why she cannot control her thoughts and actions. Marion suffers from bad conscience, and her sense of of warren, guilt is intensified. Essay Competitions? The pounding music helps to sustain the neurotic atmosphere of the sequence, when Marion continues driving.

It is not a coincidence that it’s raining at this particular moment. The rain foreshadows that something bad is going to happen. She stops for the night at the isolated Bates Motel. Its owner, Norman Bates, tells Marion he rarely has customers since the new highway bypassed the place. Of Warren Buffett Mobi? He mentions he lives with his mother in the grim-looking house overlooking his motel and invites Marion to share supper with him.

Bates lives under the monarchy of his dominant mother, which forms his weakness in personality. However, it seems that he loves his mother very much, which we can see from the way he talks about her to Marion. We can hear Norman saying that “a boy’s best friend is his mother”. His strong attachment to his mother, despite the way she treats him, is obvious and that’s why he can’t picture being away from scholarships essay competitions, her which we can conclude from the further dialogue between Marion and why write statement Norman. At this point we can conclude, by the way Norman talks about his mother, that their relationship is quite unusual. He was jealous of scholarships, his mother’s lover, since he felt that she neglected him because of her lover.

This is on a good man is to find best seen when he says that ”a son is a poor substitute for competitions a lover”. Norman’s wish to substitute the role of his m’s lover and his own father represents the Oedipus complex. The Oedipus complex is one of essay, Freud’s basic theories of psychoanalysis. In psychoanalytic theory, the term Oedipus complex denotes the competitions emotions and ideas that the mind keeps in the unconscious, via dynamic repression, that concentrates upon a child’s desire to sexually possess the parent of the opposite sex. Sigmund Freud who coined the term “Oedipus complex” believed that the Oedipus complex is a desire for the parent in both males and females; during the early childhood, the boy desires the sociology term paper questions mother, and the girl desires the father, which is a universal phenomenon of human-beings. However, from the scholarships competitions primitive society to modern civilization, incest is unaccepted and intolerable by the society. Due to this, the desire becomes the illusion, which can only be deeply buried into one’s unconsciousness. During one’s whole life, the desire and my decision to enroll in college essay illusion is repressed. Freud thinks that this is the main psychological matter of childhood. All the complex psychological activities originated from it. To most people, the existence of this phenomenon is a shame of morality.

Thus, people feel guilty about it. Through the analysis of Oedipus complex, people find that children’s sexual instinct and its development plays an important role in one’s psychological development of whole life. Essay Competitions? In order for the boy to resolve the Oedipus complex, he must repress these fantasies. The essence of repression lies simply in the turning something away, and keeping it at a distance, from the conscious. If they remain hidden in the subconscious, they manifest themselves in the neuroses and psychoses of the individual. Oedipus complex occurs in the unresolved oedipal phase which comes after 3 crucial stages of the development of a “self”. The first stage is a stage of narcissism, self love or auto-eroticism. The second one is an attachment to loved objects and the third, surrender to the laws of necessity or reality.

These stages constitute a process of maturing, or producing an ego, a self, and I. There is another stage, called the mirror stage, which is to enroll in college essay positioned between primary narcissism (love for self) and attachment to scholarships loved objects (love for others), that is between the first and second stage of development. Freud sees the child as existing in a stage of undifferentiation, experiencing self love, not distinguishing between self and other. This distinction appears when a libidinal drive (instinctual biological drive) is research paper directed from self to essay competitions an object external to it. What is formed in this shift is recognition of self as object, as if seen in a mirror, the mirror constituted by the looks of others. A Thesis Statement? This self is the ego, and becomes the means of self-definition and identification. After dinner, Marion goes back to her room and steps into scholarships essay competitions the tub to enjoy a cleansing shower. Let’s see that famous shower scene. The shower scene is for sure in Hitchcock’s cinema the most famous one (not to say one of the most famous of the whole cinema).

The fact that Hitchcock killed off the main female character in the movie, after just half an technical writing paper hour was only one of his many unheard of elements. Even a flushing toilet — considered a vulgar sight — had never been seen in scholarships such a big movie. To Enroll In College? What contributes to suspense while watching this scene is also the music. The person who watches the scene is affected by the mood of the music feeling the tension, but also understands what is going to happen. The slashing of the knife and the screaming along with music are very impressive.

Hitchcock used screeching violins, violas, and cellos to achieve the perfect soundtrack for the shower scene. In search for essay competitions Marion, her sister and her fiancee end up in the Bates motel. The moment of revelation happens when Marion’s sister enters the statement house and goes to scholarships essay the basement. This is where she finds the corpse of term paper, Norman’s mother, and everything becomes clear when Norman enters the room dressed in woman’s clothes. Norman’s mother is dead, and that he was the one who killed Marion. When Norman killed them his personality was completely overtaken by his mother and he was no longer capable of being his individual self. When arrested, he is treated as a psychiatric case, and later on scholarships competitions, the psychiatrist explains Norman’s pathology in detail, introducing a villain/monster who isn’t driven by the usual motives. The psychiatrist is there because Norman’s motives are so complex that they require a Freudian explanation. Viewers have empathized with Norman throughout the movie because he is presented as a nice, cute, lonely guy. So at the end, the psychological explanation is necessary to show how someone not that different from the ordinary viewer could become such a twisted killer. It is my decision essay Norman’s intense attachment to his mother that leads to his split and alternate personality.

Two souls exist in his body, one is himself, another is his mother. What is interesting is that his love to his mother makes him produce illusions. Scholarships Competitions? When mother’s personality controls him, he feels that his mother loves him mutually, so the student on a man is mother is scholarships jealous about the essays of warren buffett mobi young ladies her son is attracted to. Consequently, the scholarships essay competitions mother wants to kill them. Poems? Thus, Bates becomes a serial killer of beautiful girls. The Oedipus complex transcends cultural and social boundaries, manifesting itself in the psyche and scholarships popular culture of society. The last shot of Psycho imposes Norman’s face with that of the “Mother half” who has now “won” the battle for control of his personality.

In the final scene Norman, shares his thoughts with the why write audience. Only his thoughts are those of his mother confirming the schizophrenic split personality disorder. Norman is an example of the scholarships essay extreme manifestation of the oedipal complex. Norman’s dysfunctional desire, a result of the family romance, creates a sentiment that he is the victim of term paper questions, a never completed oedipal trajectory. Bates is entrapped by competitions, his suffocating past and is therefore taken over by his own vision of the mother. The two names of the main characters, Marion and Norman, are almost anagrams of sociology term, each other. This encourages the audience to see the characters as mirror images of each other, and scholarships how normality (Marion) has within it abnormality (Norman). Poems? We know that Marion’s id is shown when she decides to take the money; however, her superego takes over when she understands the consequences of her act and when she decides to go back and fix what she has done. This is the ego and superego coming together to deal with the impacts of reality. Another interesting aspect to the name Norman has been pointed out: “he who is scholarships essay neither woman nor man”. Norman has a sexually confused identity, and his name supports this fragmented state.

Others have suggested that three levels of the Psycho house correspond to Superego (upstairs), Ego (main floor), and id (cellar). The setting is gothic: the house is gloomy, cluttered and infested with a secret personality. Norman’s parlor is filled with stuffed birds, and sociology term paper Marion’s motel room is adorned with pictures of birds. While girls are associated with birds, Norman (who is also a woman in his mind) associates himself with birds as well. Norman truly holds a psychotic position-both aggressor and victim. The aggression is seen in his last name. Bates sounds like “baits,” and Marion’s last name of Crane situates her character as “bird” in a story where Norman’s hobby of taxidermy lends itself to the stuffing of essay competitions, birds.

Crane takes the bait and becomes victim. The city Marion starts from also symbolizes a bird. The Phoenix, in Egyptian mythology, is sociology term questions a bird which is consumed by its own flames, only to rise again from scholarships essay, its own ashes. Research? The phoenix of Psycho is the mother -she arose from her death renewed in the form of Norman. We’ve come to the end of our presentation. We talked about Hitchcock’s work, we discussed Freud’s theories through the movie, and scholarships competitions explained the major symbols in the movie. If ‘Psycho’ has taught us anything, it’s that we live in a world without reassurance. We cannot trust our own perception, whether we’re peeping at others or looking in the mirror.

And if we look through the killer’s eyes and recognize that he is not so different from us, what does that say about us? Thank you for your attention, if you have any questions, feel free to ask.

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