Tips creative writing beginners

bar business plan QuickPlan ® Industry Specific Business Plan Software 800-417-7017. Includes Indexed Hard Copy, CD-ROM Unlimited Tech Support and Immediate E Mail Download. The Original Strategic Comprehensive Business Plan Software developed by tips writing beginners people from each Industry for each Industry. Support. A completely written and real Business Plan based on a real facility and real operating figures, NOT AN OUTLINE; Setting the Standard since 1996, the original Industry specific business planning software. And you could be working on your plan within the creative writing, next 15 to 30 minutes. when you order we email the software to you immediately upon processing your order so that you can get started right away! Includes Indexed Hard Copy, CD-ROM Unlimited Tech Support and Immediate E Mail Download.

The Original Strategic Comprehensive Business Plan Software developed by people from each Industry for each Industry. A completely written and real Business Plan based on a real facility and real operating figures, NOT AN OUTLINE; Includes Indexed Hard Copy, CD-ROM Unlimited Tech Support and buy power point Immediate E Mail Download. The Original Strategic Comprehensive Business Plan Software developed by tips beginners people from each Industry for each Industry. A completely written and real Business Plan based on a real facility and real operating figures, NOT AN OUTLINE; Includes Indexed Hard Copy, CD-ROM Unlimited Tech Support and Immediate E Mail Download. The Original Strategic Comprehensive Business Plan Software developed by people from each Industry for each Industry. A completely written and real Business Plan based on buy power point, a real facility and real operating figures, NOT AN OUTLINE; Includes Indexed Hard Copy, CD-ROM Unlimited Tech Support and tips creative writing Immediate E Mail Download. The Original Strategic Comprehensive Business Plan Software developed by people from each Industry for each Industry.

A completely written and buy power point real Business Plan based on a real facility and real operating figures, NOT AN OUTLINE; Includes Indexed Hard Copy, CD-ROM Unlimited Tech Support and Immediate E Mail Download. Setting the Standard since 1996, the tips writing beginners, original Industry specific business planning software. And you could be working on essay support elaboration, your plan within the next 15 to 30 minutes. when you order we email the software to you immediately upon processing your order so that you can get started right away! (Hard Copy, CD-ROM and Immediate Download) Based upon tips creative a Full Service 100 seat Bar/Tavern, featuring a sit down Lunch, Dinner menu, and essay support elaboration featuring Spirits, Beer, Wine and Special Events, ( Collecting cover charges). Easily edits to cover Sports Bars, Bar and Grilles, Taverns ..etc. While the operating environment will remain challenging, America’s 990,000 restaurants are expected to post record sales in 2014. According to the National Restaurant Association, Restaurant Industry sales are expected to tips creative writing, reach a record $683.4 billion in 2014 a 3.6 percent increase over 2013 and study design in epidemiology marking the fourth consecutive year that industry sales will have topped $600 billion. While the restaurant industry is expected to grow in 2014, operators will continue to face a range of challenges. The top challenges cited by tips creative restaurateurs vary by industry segment, and include food costs, the economy and health care reform. There is currently substantial pent-up demand for restaurant services, with 2 out of 5 consumers saying they are not using restaurant as often as they would like; with improving economic conditions that demand is likely to turn into sales in 2014.

The Industry is buy power point tied directly to the health of the U.S. Economy and consumer disposable income. The CBO anticipates that the current recession, which started in December 2007, ended in the second quarter of 2009, making it the longest recession since World War II. Such growth compares to a 2.6% real rate of decline during 2009, the depths of the recession. The swing in performance from 2009 to 2010 was the widest since 1983, a period of tips 27 years. The increase in support real GDP in 2010 primarily reflected positive contributions from private inventory investment, exports, personal consumption expenditures (PCE), nonresidential fixed investment, and federal government spending. Severe economic downturns often sow the seeds of robust recoveries.

During a slump in economic activity, consumers defer purchases, especially for tips writing, housing and durable goods, and businesses postpone capital spending and try to cut inventories. Embezzlement Research Paper. Once demand in the economy picks up, the disparity between the desired and actual stocks of capital assets and consumer durable goods widens quickly, and spending by creative writing beginners consumers and businesses can accelerate rapidly. Although the CBO expects that the current recovery will be spurred by that dynamic, in buy power point all likelihood, the recovery will also be dampened by a number of factors. Those factors include slow wage and employment growth, high unemployment as well as a continued sluggish housing market. Current expectations by the CBO are for real GDP growth of 2.4% to as much as 3% in 2014 and creative beginners as much as 4.1% in buy power point 2015. ource: Congressional Budget Office Economic Projections and creative writing beginners Revisions, Note 2014 is a conference board projection see, http://www.conference-board.org/data/usforecast.cfm.

After accounting for a bigger tax bite and inflation, real disposable income rose just 0.7 percent in demonstrate 2013, down from an average of 2.2 percent the preceding two years and a clear downshift from the tips creative, 3.0 percent pace experienced during the last expansion. Despite high unemployment, tax-restrained income growth, and low confidence, consumers still managed to modestly increase spending late last year. Real consumer spending grew at a solid 3.2 percent annualized rate in the fourth quarter of quote 2013, the fastest annual rate since late 2010. Employment growth is expected to accelerate during the second half of 2014, with average monthly gains rising to more than 270,000 by tips writing beginners late 2014. Real disposable income growth is expected to pick up to 2.8 percent in 2014 and 3.6 percent in 2015. With less uncertainty by businesses and investors as to tax policy this year and next and essay with rising expectations that split government in Washington will slow the explosion in government spending the economy looks poised for sustained growth as businesses and creative writing investors get back to the business of growing and expanding the bottom line. Commodity prices are easing, thanks to lower corn prices, and when corn prices decline it's cheaper for farmers to raise pigs and chickens and cattle. While beef price relief is still a way off, many restaurateurs are expecting this to be a more profitable year. Giving consumers what they want will be crucial for restaurant operators in 2014. As the recession has caused 8 out of 10 consumers to cut back on spending to some degree, it is more important than ever for operators to nudge those guests into support, patronizing their restaurants.

For operators just getting started this may be the best time within the business cycle to plan and open your new facility understanding that with interest rates still at all time low levels and tips beginners marginal operators going out of business you will have accounted for the marginal efficiencies necessary to not only survive against research paper, the competition but to writing, thrive as we cycle once again into economic expansion. Alcohol Beverage Consumption Trends and Highlights: (Source: The Distilled Spirits Council and research paper Demand Creation, Inc.) Current expectations are for a steady year .and expectations are for continuing solid growth . Demographics also point to continued growth. A new generation is entering young adulthood and tips creative beginners exhibiting the same receptivity to drinking that leading edge Baby Boomers did more than 30 years ago. Financial Need Essay. And like the tips creative, Baby Boom generation, their numbers are so great as to make their dominance in demonstrate the market inevitable . Brand conscious and loyal to Brands that they like they consume across all categories of Alcohol beverages and will continue to drive growth in the Industry over the next decade. Tips Writing Beginners. Starting a small business is always risky, and prompt the chance of success is slim. According to the U.S. Small Business Administration, over 50% of small businesses fail in the first year and 95% fail within the first five years. Whether you are starting a new Bar, Lounge or Tavern. Are looking to raise additional capital to expand your currently profitable Bar, or looking to evaluate and value your Bar to sell, current statistics prove that you will do much better with a business plan than without. According to Dunn and Bradstreet the primary reasons for failure vary, but all of the tips creative, reasons come under the category of thesis about billing system poor planning. You are a part of in the United States representing 4% of the U.S.

Gross National Product in the most competitive Industry in the world. Your management decisions will decide whether your Business survives or thrives in the face of increased competition. The most important benefit of a business plan is that it sets the stage for tips creative writing, the future of essay your Bar as you want it to be positioned in the marketplace. A business plan will make it easy for your banker to take action as he/she gains insight into beginners, the details of your Business and the goals that you have outlined. Potential investors can review your plan and decide whether or not to make an investment based upon the risk. You will benefit most as you study and gain detailed insight into your own operations. Updating and constantly reviewing your plan will give you more insight as both a manager and decision maker. TIME IS MONEY. We have estimated that it takes an average of 100 hours to research, and write a comprehensive business plan within any Industry. Embezzlement Research. Creating and writing compiling the need, five year financial plan and forecasts including 5 years of budgets, income statements, balance sheets, cash flow analysis, and creative writing key financial ratio analysis can take more than 20 hours of work by you or your accountant, before he/she sits down to essay, explain it to you.

Shouldn't you know how your financial decisions impact the bottom line? . Now consider sitting down in writing front of your computer to thesis about, edit and fill in the details of an already written, researched and organized QuickPlan ® Bar Business plan with a proven track record of success, that has already raised millions of dollars in the marketplace. Not only will you save 100's of creative beginners hours but you will know your Business by the numbers and be able to explain and defend your plan to anyone, but you will have plotted a clear course to profitability for the next five years to control study, handle even the tips beginners, worst case scenario . Buy Power Point. QuickPlan ® Bar is a 370 page comprehensive business plan based on a full service 100 seat Bar/Tavern offering lunch and Dinner. Edits easily to tips creative writing, cover all segments of the control study design in epidemiology, market place and includes a separate Cover Charge revenue line item for special events promotions. It includes hard copy and software for tips creative beginners, you to edit into your own. Then simply insert your copy into the three ring binder and related thesis about billing organize it with the pre-labeled index included. Tips Creative Beginners. QuickPlan ® Bar Business Plan software. I ncludes a complete 10 page Employee Manual covering descriptions , wage policy, performance appraisals, etc., a 27 page Operations Manual including job descriptions, and a 20 page Bar Tender/ Bar back operations manual and par daily liquor inventory control. The Complete plan consists of a hard copy and software files of the following ; Before You Begin Checklist.

Table of Contents. 20 11/12 Restaurant Industry Analysis. SBA Auto Forms, fill them in on your computer: requires Its FREE! ( PLEASE NOTE THAT WE HAVE ZEROED OUT THE ACTUAL OPERATION OF THE FINANCIALS REVIEW MATRIX , WHEN YOU PURCHASE THE PLAN IT IS COMPLETELY FILLED IN WITH THE ACTUAL OPERATION.) Five Year Forecast Matrix (Spreadsheet File); type in your assumptions and all of the following statements are immediately calculated. 46 pages; Years 1-5 by buy power point month Operating Budgets.

Years 1-5 by month Income Statements. Years 1-5 by month Balance Sheets. Years 1-5 by month Cash Flow Analysis. Tips Beginners. Years 1-5 Financial Ratio Analysis. Research Paper. Years 1-5 Break Even Analysis. Creative. Auto Generated Use of Proceeds. Five Year Summary Statements: Years 1-5 Operating budgets.

Years 1-5 Income Statements. Years 1-5 Balance Sheets. Related About System. Years 1-5 Cash Flow Analysis. The assumption section asks for over 615 lines of assumptions, (easy to tips creative beginners, use, assumptions that don't apply to your operation just plug in a 0), including operating expense line items, balance sheet, working capital, and financing assumptions, the matrix even includes two financial calculators built in to give you copies of the demonstrate financial, amortization schedules for your financing assumptions: Hospitality Resources on the Internet over creative beginners, 350 html links..(html file) to case control study design, all of the following categories on the Internet, (already in html, just point and click). Associations, Beverage Resources, Culinary, Free Newsletters, Government, Management resources, POS Vendors, Publications, Recipes, Recruiters, Restaurants and Chains, Restaurant Directories, Schools and Universities, Suppliers, and Technology. Created by Chuck Gohen of Restaurant Associates Northwest of Portland Oregon. Starting with the, before you sit down checklist , you will gather your information together to edit on your word processor, (Macintosh, Windows, DOS, etc. ) that information which does or does not apply to your Bar/Tavern or organization. from your average ticket and menu, to inventory , taxes, and creative beginners staffing . Fill in demonstrate need the details to make this your own comprehensive business plan. Pull up the Five Year Financial Forecaster Spreadsheet and tips creative insert your average ticket price for both Food and Beverage, ( Separate Wine, Beer, Spirits and Beverage calculators) , separate cover charge revenues for special events and line by line as you fill in quote essay prompt the assumptions you will see how to make your Bar a Profitable success! Print up your numbers with the new already formatted Quick Print feature, edit the text portion of tips creative writing your plan on quote essay, your word processor we recommend Word and require Excel, and then simply insert your copy into the three ring binder and organize it with the pre-labeled indexes included.

MicroSoft™ Word™ and Excel™ or MicroSoft™ Office™ are required. The cost of this QuickPlan® Package, hard copy , cd-rom and immediate email download is $195.00 USD plus shipping and handling, also available in download only format for creative, $145 USD . Not available in any store, to essay elaboration, order call 1-800-417-7017. Order Now Call 1-800-417-7017. The following is a complete detailed outline of creative writing beginners QuickPlan® Bar; Executive Summary covering the demonstrate financial need, Business Description, Industry Analysis, Marketing Strategy, Location and creative writing beginners Operations, Management, and thesis system Financial Plan including Use of writing Proceeds, Exit/Collateral/Payback Strategy, and Conclusion. Buy Power Point. Business Description including History, Legal Form of the Business, Current Situation and Future goals. Industry Analysis including current Already Researched and Written Current 2013/14 Bar Industry Analysis includes current growth rates by Region and tips State 1996-2013. Paper. Detailed Alcohol Beverage Consumption Analysis for Beer, Wine and Spirits with Outlook and consumption trends(Separate Night Club Analysis included also). Operational Demographic Trends, and sector forecast through 2015 ., Local market segment for c ustomer profile, local competition, and business risks. Marketing Strategy including building and tips creative writing beginners signage, sales strategy, customer service, advertising and promotion, Media Plan, Publicity Strategy, and Community Relations. Quote Essay. Location and tips Operations covering Property and Facility, Licenses and Government Regulations, Utilities Requirements, Build-Out Estimates, Permits, Build-out Equipment, Furniture, Bar/Restaurant Equipment, Menu, Personnel/service, Procedures and Controls, Inventory, Ambiance and Entertainment.

Management covering key principals, managers and responsibilities. Financial Plan summary of paper provided five year pro creative writing beginners, forma statements and thesis system assumptions, capital requirements, Use of Proceeds, Exit/Payback Strategy, and conclusion. Tips Writing. Two Financial Matrixes now included , smaller Bar Tavern and Larger More Detailed Night Club Venue. Both Projected five year month-to-month financial statements matrixes generate the following: ( PLEASE NOTE THAT WE HAVE ZEROED OUT THE ACTUAL OPERATION OF THE FINANCIALS REVIEW MATRIX , WHEN YOU PURCHASE THE PLAN IT IS COMPLETELY FILLED IN WITH THE ACTUAL OPERATION.) Worst Case Scenario projected five year month-to-month financial statements: Cash Flow Analysis. Break Even Analysis. Essay Elaboration. Financial Ratio Analysis. Industry Operations Comparison, your numbers vs the Industry for your business profile.

Five Year Summaries of : Cash Flow Analysis. Realistic Case Scenario projected five year month-to-month financial statements: Cash Flow Analysis. Break Even Analysis. Financial Ratio Analysis. Industry Operations Comparison, your numbers vs the Industry for your business profile. Five Year Summaries of : Cash Flow Analysis. Writing Beginners. Best Case Scenario projected five year month-to-month financial statements: Cash Flow Analysis.

Break Even Analysis. Financial Ratio Analysis. Industry Operations Comparison, your numbers vs the Industry for your business profile. Five Year Summaries of : Cash Flow Analysis. Completely Detailed Starting Inventory Built in for all Categories. Bar Manual for you to thesis billing system, edit into your own. Employee Manual for you to tips creative writing beginners, edit into your own. Operations Manual for quote essay, you to edit into your own. Kitchen Managers Manual for you to beginners, edit in to your own.

Current Food Service Industry Analysis included. Small Business Administrations' 31 most asked questions and SBA/How to support, raise money. Creative Beginners. Hospitality Resources on the Internet over 350 html links.. (html file) to all of the following categories on the Internet, (already in html, just point and click). Associations, Beverage Resources, Culinary, Free Newsletters, Government, Management resources, POS Vendors, Publications, Recipes, Recruiters, Restaurants and in epidemiology Chains, Restaurant Directories, Schools and Universities, Suppliers, and Technology. Tips Creative Writing Beginners. Created by Chuck Gohen of Restaurant Associates North West of Portland Oregon. Hard copy with professionally printed indexes covering supporting documents for your plan: Articles of Incorporation. Licenses and Permits. Make your first impression count and concentrate on getting your Bar open! Order Now Call 1-800-417-7017.

MicroSoft® Word and MicroSoft® Excel are Registered trademarks of the MicroSoft® Corportion. Send mail to webmaster@quickplan.com with questions or comments about this web site. Copyright © 1996-20 14 Demand Creation, Inc. Elaboration. Products that Empower. 1-800-417-7017.

oedipus irony essay Literary Terms and Definitions: A. This page is under perpetual construction! It was last upda ted September 1, 2017. A POSTERIORI : In rhetoric, logic, and philosophy, a belief or proposition is said to be a posteriori if it can only be determined through observation (Palmer 381). In general, these are inductive arguments in which the beginners, thinker puts forth a belief or proposition as a universal rule she or he puts forth in embezzlement research response to an example seen in nature--the specific observed example comes first, and creative the logical argument follows on a universal level later. A PRIORI : In rhetoric, logic, and philosophy, an argument is said to financial essay, be a priori if its truth can be known or inferred independently of any direct perception. Logic, geometry, and tips mathematics are usually held as such (Palmer 381). In general, these a priori arguments rely upon deductive reasoning--fashioning a general statement that should (in terms of logic) be true, and then applying the argument to demonstrate financial need, a specific instance--i.e., the tips creative, universal statement comes first, and then specific applications in the real world are expected to paper, match it. ABBEY THEATRE : The center of the tips writing, Irish Dramatic movment founded in 1899 by W. About! B. Yeats and Lady Gregory, built with the creative, express purpose of presenting Irish plays performed by Irish actors.

It opened in financial need essay 1904 and began showing plays by almost every Irish playwright of renown. AB OVO (Latin, from the egg): This phrase refers to a narrative that starts at the beginning of the plot, and then moves chronologically through a sequence of events to the tale's conclusion. This pattern is the opposite of a tale that begins in medias res , one in which the beginners, narrative starts in the middle of buy power point things, well into the middle of the plot, and then proceeds to explain earlier events through the characters' dialogue, memories, or flashbacks. Horace coins the phrase in his treatise, Ars Poeticae , a treatise not to be confused with the Poetics of Aristotle. Writing Beginners! Contrast with in medias res . ABECEDARIAN : See discussion under acrostic , below. ABLAUT : Jacob Grimm's term for paper, the way in which Old English strong verbs formed their preterites by a vowel change. This is also called gradation . An example would be the writing beginners, principal parts of Old English strong verbs such as I sing , I sang , and I sung . ABOLITIONIST LITERATURE : Literature, poetry , pamphlets, or propaganda written in the nineteenth century for the express purpose of condemning slaveholders, encouraging the release and emancipation of slaves, or abolishing slavery altogether. Support! This literature might take the form of autobiographical writings (in the tips beginners, case of many slave narratives ) or fictional accounts such as Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin . Such writings rely heavily on pathos for buy power point, rhetorical technique. ABOVE, THE : Also called the aloft and creative beginners sometimes used interchangeably with the Heavens , this term refers to the gallery on the upper level of the frons scenae . In Shakespeare's Globe Theater, this area contained the lords' rooms, but the center of this location was also used by the actors for embezzlement research, short scenes.

On the other hand, in most indoor theaters like the Blackfriars Theater, musicians above the stage would perform in a curtained alcove here. ABSTRACT DICTION / ABSTRACT IMAGERY : Language that describes qualities that cannot be perceived with the five senses. For instance, calling something pleasant or pleasing is abstract, while calling something yellow or sour is concrete. The word domesticity is abstract, but the word sweat is tips writing beginners concrete. The preference for abstract or concrete imagery varies from essay century to century. Philip Sidney praised concrete imagery in poetry in his 1595 treatise, Apologie for Poetrie . A century later, Neoclassical thought tended to value the generality of abstract thought. In the early 1800s, the Romantic poets like Wordsworth, Coleridge, and tips writing beginners Shelley once again preferred concreteness. Essay! In the 20th century, the creative, distinction between concrete and design in epidemiology abstract has been a subject of some debate.

Ezra Pound and T. E. Creative Writing! Hulme attempted to create a theory of concrete poetry. T. S. Eliot added to this school of thought with his theory of the objective correlative. Contrast with concrete diction / concrete imagery . ABSTRACT POEM : Verse that makes little sense grammatically or syntactically but which relies on auditory patterns to create its meaning or poetic effects; Dame Edith Sitwell popularized the term, considering this verse form the equivalent of abstract painting (Deutsche 7). Sitwell's poems from her collection Façade are samples of this genre , including her poem Hornpipe. A sample from this poem appears below:

Watched the courses of the breakers' rocking-horses and with Glaucis. Lady Venus on the settee of the horsehair sea! (qtd. in Deutsche 7) ABUSIO : A type of catachresis known as the mixed metaphor. The term is often used in a derogatory manner. See discussion and examples under catachresis . ACATALECTIC : A normal line of poetry with the expected number of syllables in each line, as opposed to a catalectic line (which is missing an expected syllable) or a hypercatalectic line (which has one or more extra syllables than would normally be expected, perhaps due to design in epidemiology, anacrusis ). See discussion under catalectic . ACATALEXIS : The use of acatalectic lines in poetry--see discussion under catalectic . ACCENT : (1) A recognizable manner of pronouncing words--often associated with a class, caste, ethnic group, or geographic region.

Thus, Americans might be able to discern a Boston accent or a Texas accent by sound alone, or they might place a foreign speaker's origin by noting a French or Russian accent. (2) The degree of stress given to creative, a syllable--an important component of meter . Essay Support! (3) Any diacritical mark. Writing Beginners! Click here to view diacritical marks . ACCENTUAL VERSE : A verse pattern used heavily in buy power point Russian and Czech literature. More information TBA . ACEPHALOUS : From Greek headless, acephalous lines are lines in tips creative writing beginners normal iambic pentameter that contain only nine syllables rather than the expected ten. The first syllable, which is stressed, counts as a full metric foot by itself. All acephalous lines by support elaboration, definition are catalectic . See foot and meter . ACMEISM : A 1912 Russian poetry movement reacting against the Symbolist movement (Harkins 1). Acmeists protested against the mystical tendencies of the Symbolists; they opposed ambiguity in poetry, calling for a return to precise, concrete imagery. Tips Writing! Prominent members of the movement include Nikolay Gumilyov and Sergey Gorodetski. ACRONYM (From Greek acron + onyma ; tip or end of quote a name): A word formed from the creative beginners, initial letters in prompt a phrase. For instance, many caucasians in America are called WASPs.

In this acronym, the letters W. A. S. P . stand for the first letters in the descriptive phrase, W hite A nglo- S axon P rotestant. Acronyms are quite common in creative beginners governmental bureaucracies, in businesses, in political jargon, and in high-tech products. Other examples include AIDS ( A cquired I mmune D eficiency S yndrome), NIMBY , ( N ot I n M y B ack Y ard), and OPEC ( O rganization of related system P etroleum E xporting C ountries). In the realm of technology, we find that radar comes from R.A.D.A.R. ( RA dio D etection A nd R anging), and laser from L.A.S.E.R. Tips Creative Writing! ( L ight A mplification by S timulated E mission of R adiation). In general, acronyms first appear with periods to indicate the abbreviations, (e. g. L. A. S. E. R). As the term becomes more widespread, the periods vanish (e.g. LASER), and eventually the quote, capitalization falls away as the tips, word enters common usage (e.g. laser ). Note that acronyms contrast with alphabetisms , in which the case design in epidemiology, word is pronounced aloud by using the names of the actual letters--such as the IRS ( I nternal R evenue S ervice), which is pronounced as three-syllables. If it were a true acronym, IRS would be a one-syllable word rhyming with worse. Acronyms and alphabetisms are most useful when they allow a speaker to create a new, short, efficient term for a long unwieldy phrase. They are least useful when they obscure the truth, when they enable technobabble and unnecessary jargon.

Even English historical scholarship has fallen into the habit, commonly referring to the historical Great Vowel Shift as the GVS , and tips writing the Oxford English Dictionary as the OED , to give two examples. Contrast with anagram . ACROSTIC : A poem in which the first or last letters of each line vertically form a word, phrase, or sentence. Apart from puzzles in newspapers and magazines, the related, most common modern versions involve the first letters of each line forming a single word when read downwards. An acrostic that involves the sequential letters of the alphabet is said to be an tips, abecedarius or an abecedarian poem. Acrostics may have first been used as a mnemonic device to aid with oral transmission. In the Old Testament, some of the related about billing system, Hebrew Psalms include acrostic devices. Creative! Chaucer also wrote acrostics such as his ABC ( Prior a nostre dame ) in his younger days. Acrostics are also common in Kabbalistic charms and case control study word squares, including the Cirencester word square of Roman origin: Abecedarian acrostics were also a common genre in tips writing beginners classical Hebrew poetry.

For instance, Psalm 118 in the Douay-Rheims numbering of the case study, Bible (or number 119 in creative the King James numbering of the essay, Bible) is an abecedarian acrostic, with each stanza headed by one of the writing beginners, letters of the financial, Hebrew alphabet, such as Aleph, Beth, Gimel, and so on. Similar acrostics appear in beginners Lamentations 3. Renaissance examples of acrostic poetry include the preface to Ben Jonson's The Alchemist. If a poem is built so that the last letters in each line form a word, rather than the first, the poem is called a telestich . ACT : A major division in a play. Often, individual acts are divided into smaller units (scenes) that all take place in a specific location. Originally, Greek plays were not divided into acts. They took place as a single whole interrupted occasionally by the chorus 's singing. In Roman times, a five-act structure first appeared based upon Horace's recommendations. This five-act structure became a convention of design in epidemiology drama (and especially tragedy ) during the Renaissance. (Shakespeare's plays have natural divisions that can be taken as the beginners, breaks between acts as well; later editors inserted clear act and scene markings in these locations.) From about 1650 CE onward, most plays followed the five-act model.

In the 1800s, Ibsen and Chekhov favored a four-act play, and in the 1900s, most playwrights preferred a three-act model, though two-act plays are not uncommon. ACTION : A real or fictional event or series of such events comprising the subject of a novel, story, narrative poem, or a play, especially in the sense of what the quote essay prompt, characters do in such a narrative. Action, along with dialogue and the characters' thoughts, form the skeleton of creative beginners a narrative's plot . ACYRON : The improper or odd application of a word, such as speaking of buy power point streams of graces (Shipley 5). When the result is humorous or deliberately absurd, the acyron becomes a malapropism . ADAGE : A proverb or wise saying. ADAGY : The act of speaking or writing in adages. ADAPTATION : Taking material from an tips writing, older source and altering it or updating it in a new genre. For instance, John Webster's The Duchess of Malfi is a play adapted from an older Italian novella. Embezzlement! Many of Shakespeare's history plays are adaptations of Holinshed's chronicles, etc. For modern artists, if the adaptation's source is unacknowledged, the tips creative writing, adaptation may constitute plagiarism under modern conventions. Buy Power Point! Contrast with ecphrasis . ADDITIVE MONSTER : In contrast with the composite monster , mythologists and folklorists use the label additive monster to describe a creature from mythology or legend that has an altered number of body parts rather than body parts from multiple animals added together.

For instance, the Scandinavian Ettin, a troll or giant with two heads, is an additive monster. Sleipnir, the beginners, magical horse in Norse mythology, is a regular horse, except it has eight legs. Deities and demons in the Hindu pantheon often have multiple arms or eyes. The term has also been loosely applied to fantastic creatures that have modified limbs as well. For instance, the gyascutis is a fantastic medieval beast that resembles a sheep, except its limbs vary in length. Its front legs are drastically shortened, and buy power point its hind legs are drastically lengthened, which allows it to remain level as it grazes on the incline of steep hills. ADVANCED PRONUNCIATION : In linguistics, John Algeo defines this as an early instance of a historical sound change in progress (311). This early adoption of a new pronunciation is the opposite of a retarded pronunciation , in which an older pronunciation lingers in a dialect even after a newer pronunciation appears in other regions. ADVENTURE NOVEL : Any novel in which exciting events and fast paced actions are more important than character development, theme, or symbolism. Examples include Alexandre Dumas's The Count of writing Monte Cristo and The Three Musketeers , H. Rider Haggard's King Solomon's Mines , or Edgar Rice Burrough's Tarzan of the Apes . AERLINN (Sindarin, aer + lin , ocean-song, sometimes spelled aerlin ): As part of his subcreation , Tolkien sought to fill out quote prompt, his imaginary words with complete histories, mythologies, and poetic traditions. Accordingly, he invented the aerlinn , an imaginary genre of creative writing beginners Elvish poetry that Tolkien devised to be background for The Lord of the Rings.

Aerlinns are hymns with a seven-line stanza-structure rhyming aababcc. The form may be loosely inspired by the seven-line stanza invented by case study design in epidemiology, Chaucer in the fourteenth century that later came into its own as rhime royal . Creative Beginners! The aerlinn' s conventional theme would be a paean or an apostrophe , usually to Elbereth or another of the Valar . Tolkien's etymology for the word connects holiness with the related billing system, ocean. In his mythos , the potentially immortal Elves eventually suffer a sea-longing. They feel a compulsion that calls them to sail over creative writing beginners the western sea to join the Valar and leave behind the world of men. Below is embezzlement research a sample aerlinn in tips creative beginners Elvish from the end of essay elaboration chapter one, Merry Meetings, in The Two Towers : A Elbereth Gilthoniel, silivren penna miriel. o menel aglar elenath! o galadhremmin ennorath. Fanuilos, le linnathon. AESC (also spelled ash in Anglo-Saxon): A letter in the Old Norse runic alphabet indicating the sound /æ/ as in the word at . Aesc lends its name to the letter ash commonly used in creative Anglo-Saxon manuscripts. Click here for more information.

AESOPIC LANGUAGE : In Russian criticism, the case study design, name for oppositional political writing hidden in circumlocution, fables, and vague references so that it can bypass official censorship (Harkins 1). The term refers to tips beginners, Aesop's Fabula , a collection of beast fables in which simple stories about buy power point animals contained morals or messages between the lines, so to speak. The coinage of the term comes from Saltykov, who is both the first to use the term in this sense and beginners the one whom many modern Russian critics consider the best example of such writings (Harkins 1). AESTHETIC DISTANCE : An effect of quote tone, diction, and presentation in poetry creating a sense of an tips writing, experience removed from irrelevant or accidental events. This sense of intentional focus seems intentionally organized or framed by events in the poem so that it can be more fully understood by quiet contemplation. Quote! Typically, the reader is less emotionally involved or impassioned--reacting to the material in tips creative beginners a calmer manner. AESTHETICISM : (1) In general, any literary movement that encourages critical or artistic focus on the experience of beauty rather than focuses on didactic messages or seeking truth. (2) More specifically, a Victorian literary movement in the 19th Century spearheaded by Walter Pater.

Pater believed the demonstrate essay, goal of tips beginners art was to essay support elaboration, make those experiencing it live their lives more intensely and encourage the creative, pursuit of beauty. AFFIX : James Algeo defines an affix as a morpheme added to a base or stem to modify its meaning (311). If an affix attaches to the beginning of financial essay a stem (or base word), the affix is called a prefix . Creative Writing! If an affix is attached to the end of a stem, the affix is called a suffix . From Old English, Modern English speakers gain prefixes like un- ( unlike, undo, unafraid ). From Latin, we gain prefixes like re- ( redo, replay, reactivate ). From Old English, we gain suffixes such as -dom (kingdom, freedom). From Latin, we gain suffixes such as -ician ( beautician, mortician ) and -orium ( pastorium , i.e., a Baptist parsonage). From Greek -izein , we gain the popular verb ending -ize ( criticize, harmonize, pasteurize , even neologisms like finalize ). AFFIXATION : Making words by adding an affix to a previously existing base word or stem. For instance, the affix -ly can be added to the base word (or stem) quick to create the quote essay prompt, word quickly . This process is affixation. See also affix . Contrast with declension . AFFRICATIVE : A sound stop with a fricative release. Affricatives involve a stop plus a movment through a fricative position (i.e., the blade of the tongue initially moves up in the position of a stop, but then move through a fricative or spirant position rather than remaining in the stop position).The affricatives include two different sounds.

The first sound is found in j u dg e , g em , sol di er , and spina ch . Creative Beginners! The second affricative sound is that sound found in ch ur ch , bu tch er , i tch , ni ch e , and case design c ello . AFRO-ASIATIC : A family of languages separate from tips creative Indo-European languages . Embezzlement Research Paper! The two main branches of Afro-Asiatic are Hamitic and writing beginners Semitic. Other examples of non-Indo-European languages can be found elsewhere on this website. AGGLUTINATIVE (from Latin, glued to): In a now outdated linguistic classification, an agglutinative language was any language with complicated but (for the most part) regular derivational forms (Algeo 311)--especially those based on financial essay single-syllable morphemes. This term or classifaction first appeared in 1836 in the linguistic theories of Wilhelm von Humboldt. Agglutinative languages were thought to include Turkish, Basque, Hungarian, and tips creative many Tibeto-Burman languages. These were were originally thought to be more advanced or developed than isolating languages like Chinese in demonstrate need essay which every word was formed by creative writing, distinct monosyllables. On the other hand, agglutatinative languages were thought to be more primitive than incorporative or inflective languages such as Eskimo and related about system Latin, respectively. Modern historical, linguistic, and anthropological findings have largely demolished the earlier arguments. The primary problem is that this classification depends upon the assumption that primitive languages tend to be formed from monosyllables, and tips creative beginners advanced languages were thought to become gradually polysyllabic.

However, many language like Chinese may have grown more monosyllabic over a process of thousands of buy power point years, for instance, disproving this idea. Writing Beginners! It is now clear that languages can actually grow simpler over essay elaboration time, rather than growing more complicated. AGRARIAN IDEALISM : The conviction that farming is an especially virtuous occupation in comparison with trade, craftsmanship, manufacturing, or other means of commerce. Romans like Hesiod and Virgil, for instance, praised the simple, hard-working ethics of the writing, Roman farmer. Demonstrate Financial Need Essay! (See the Eclogues for an example.) Jefferson dreamed of writing beginners a future America composed primarily of gentlemen-farmers who lived off the demonstrate need, fruits of their plantations without the need for tips, outside trade in his Queries . The agrarian ideal manifested equally strong in Romantic writings as one form of the American Dream motif. AGREEMENT : Having different parts of a sentence agree with each other in grammatical number, gender, case, mood, or tense. In British grammar books, agreement is also called concord . AIDED (plural: aideda ): A tale in prose or mixed prose and poetry in which a hero, poet, or ruler suffers a violent death, often occurring at a liminal time or place such as the Samhain festival or at an otherworldly banquet-hall. Paper! Frequently the ending follows the motif of the threefold death . Tips Beginners! According to Dan Wiley's article in buy power point Medieval Ireland: An Encyclopedia , some thirty-five such tales explicitly labeled aideda survive from Old or Middle Irish between 650-1250 C.E. (see Duffy 10-11).

AIDOS : The Greek term for the great shame felt by a hero after failure. AISLING (Irish Gaelic: dream, vision, pronounced ash-ling): a genre of Irish political poetry popular in the 1600s and 1700s in which a Spéirbhean appears who mourns the recent down-fallen status of Ireland and creative writing beginners predicts a coming return to fortune, often linked with the return of a Stuart ruler to the throne of Britain. In later centuries, the form often became used satirically or jokingly. The most famous example of aisling poetry is Róisín Dubh , and the earliest major aisling poet was Aodhagán Ó Rathaille, often called the father of the aisling . Cf. visio . AKEDAH : The akedah is a section of Genesis including Genesis 22:1-19, of foundational importance in the three Abrahamic traditions of Islam, Christianity, and Judaism. ALAZON : A stock character in Greek drama, the alazon is about billing a stupid braggart who is writing beginners easily tricked by the clever eiron who tells the alazon what he wants to related billing system, hear. ALBA (Provençal dawn): A medieval lyric or morning serenade about the tips creative writing, coming of dawn. The alba's refrain typically ends with the word dawn. The theme can be religious, but more frequently the theme focuses on buy power point two lovers parting with the coming of day. Cf. the more common term used in English, the closely related aubade . ALCAICS : A stanza written in alcaics is written in the meter created by the Greek poet Alcaeus.

This stanza-form was later used with slight changes by the poet Horace. An example in English appears in Tennyson's imitation, as appears below: O mighty-mouthed inventor of harmonies, O skill'd to sing of Time or eternity, God-gifted organ-voice of England, Milton, a name to tips creative writing beginners, resound for ages.

ALCHEMY : The medieval and Renaissance precursor to modern chemistry, characterized by mystical philosophy and essay prompt attempts to turn base metals such as lead and tin into noble metals such as gold and tips creative writing beginners silver. Research Paper! The tenets of alchemy were based on the theory of the tips creative beginners, four elements (see elements, the four ), in which all matter was composed of varying proportions of four substances--air, earth, water, and fire. Each element had a corresponding type of spirit associated with it--sylphs, gnomes, undines, and salamanders. While alchemical beliefs were taken seriously as a matter of pseudo-scientifical inquiry in early centuries, by the end of the medieval period, the practice was often synonymous with chicanery and con-artistry. Chaucer's Canon Yeoman's Tale focuses on the deceptions of false alchemical practitioners, and Shakespeare's The Tempest borrows heavily from alchemical lore in its depiction of the island's magical spirits. In later, more enlightened times, alchemical beliefs became a subject of mockery. Alexander Pope's mock epic , The Rape of the essay, Lock , employs the traditional alchemical spirits, but alters their purpose so that their primary duties involve protecting young girls' virginity from the advances of tips writing handsome rakes, for buy power point, instance. Click here for writing beginners, a downloadable PDF chart of the elements. ALEXANDRINE : A twelve-syllable line written in iambic hexameter. Alexandrines were especially popular in French poetry for drama between 1500-1800 CE, but their invention dates back to the late 1100s.

The earliest medieval examples include Le Pèlerinage de Charlemagne à Jérusalem and essay support Roman d'Alexandre (from which the name alexandrine comes). Racine in particular makes good use of it in Andromaque . Creative Beginners! Classical French Alexandrines are a bit different from embezzlement research paper modern English ones in that a strong stress falls on creative beginners the on the sixth and last syllables with a wandering unstressed syllable that can appear in-between the strong stresses on each side of the caesura. An example of an English Alexandrine appears in the second line of Alexander Pope's couplet: A needless Alexandrine ends the song. That, like a wounded snake, drags its slow length along.

The form has been less popular in English, and Pope actually mocks it in his Essay on Criticism. Quote Prompt! However, Spenser uses an Alexandrine to good effect as part of his spenserian stanza . Robert Bridges speaks of his loose Alexandrines in The Testament of Beauty , which consists of unrhymed, metrically irregular twelve-syllable lines (though in tips creative many cases, the twelve-syllables are the result of elision). ALLEGORY : The word derives from the Greek allegoria (speaking otherwise). The term loosely describes any writing in verse or prose that has a double meaning. This narrative acts as an extended metaphor in which persons, abstract ideas, or events represent not only support, themselves on the literal level, but they also stand for something else on the symbolic level. An allegorical reading usually involves moral or spiritual concepts that may be more significant than the creative beginners, actual, literal events described in a narrative.

Typically, an allegory involves the interaction of multiple symbols, which together create a moral, spiritual, or even political meaning. The act of interpreting a story as if each object in it had an allegorical meaning is called allegoresis . If we wish to be more exact, an allegory is an act of interpretation, a way of understanding, rather than a genre in and of itself. Poems, novels, or plays can all be allegorical, in whole or in part. These allegories can be as short as a single sentence or as long as a ten volume book. Buy Power Point! The label allegory comes from an interaction between symbols that creates a coherent meaning beyond that of the literal level of interpretation. Probably the most famous allegory in English literature is John Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress (1678), in which the hero named Christian flees the tips writing beginners, City of Destruction and travels through the Valley of the Shadow of Death, Vanity Fair, Doubting Castle, and finally arrives at the Celestial City. The entire narrative is a representation of the human soul's pilgrimage through temptation and doubt to case control design, reach salvation in beginners heaven. Medieval works were frequently allegorical, such as the plays Mankind and Everyman . Other important allegorical works include mythological allegories like Apuleius' tale of Cupid and Psyche in The Golden Ass and Prudentius' Psychomachiae . More recent non-mythological allegories include Spenser's The Faerie Queene , Swift's Gulliver's Travels , Butler's Erewhon , and George Orwell's Animal Farm . The following illustrative passage comes from J. Quote Essay Prompt! A. Tips! Cuddon's Dictionary of paper Literary Terms and Literary Theory , 3rd edition (Penguin Books, 1991). I have Americanized the British spelling and punctuation: To distinguish more clearly we can take the old Arab fable of the frog and tips the scorpion, who met one day on about billing the bank of the River Nile, which they both wanted to cross. The frog offered to ferry the scorpion over on his back provided the scorpion promised not to sting him.

The scorpion agreed so long as the frog would promise not to drown him. The mutual promises exchanged, they crossed the river. On the far bank the scorpion stung the frog mortally. Why did you do that? croaked the frog, as it lay dying. Why? replied the scorpion, We're both Arabs, aren't we? If we substitute for creative writing, a frog a Mr. Goodwill or a Mr. Research! Prudence, and for the scorpion Mr. Treachery or Mr.

Two-Face, and make the river any river and creative substitute for We're both Arabs . . . Case Control Study In Epidemiology! We're both men . . . Tips! we turn the fable [which illustrates human tendencies by using animals as illustrative examples] into demonstrate need, an allegory [a narrative in which each character and action has symbolic meaning]. On the other hand, if we turn the frog into a father and tips beginners the scorpion into a son (boatman and buy power point passenger) and we have the son say We're both sons of God, aren't we?, then we have a parable (if a rather cynical one) about the wickedness of human nature and the sin of parricide. (22) ALLIOSIS : While presenting a reader with only two alternatives may result in the logical fallacy known as false dichotomy or either/or fallacy, creating a parallel sentence using two alternatives in parallel structure can be an beginners, effective device rhetorically and artistically. Alliosis is the rhetorical use of any isocolon parallel sentence that presents two choices to the reader, e.g., You can eat well, or you can sleep well. For more information, see schemes. ALLITERATION : Repeating a consonant sound in buy power point close proximity to others, or beginning several words with the same vowel sound. For instance, the phrase buckets of big blue berries alliterates with the consonant b . Coleridge describes the sacred river Alph in Kubla Khan as Five miles meandering with a mazy motion , which alliterates with the consonant m . The line apt alliteration's artful aid alliterates with the vowel sound a . Tips Creative Beginners! One of Dryden's couplets in Absalom and Achitophel reads, In pious times, ere priestcraft did begin, / Before polygamy was made a sin . It alliterates with the need, letter p . Tips Beginners! Walt Whitman's Song of Myself employs the technique: I l ean and l oaf at my ea s e ob s erving a s pear of s ummer gra ss . Most frequently, the essay, alliteration involves the sounds at the beginning of tips creative writing words in close proximity to each other. Alliteration is an control study design in epidemiology, example of a rhetorical scheme. Creative Writing! Alliteration in which the first letters of words are the case control study design in epidemiology, same (as opposed to consonants alliterating in the middles or ends of words) is more specifically called head rhyme , which is a bit of a misnomer since it doesn't actually involve rhyme in a technical sense. If alliteration also involves changes in the intervening vowels between repeated consonants, the technique is called consonance . See alliterative verse , alliterative prose , assonance , and consonance . See also alliterative revival and sound symbolism . ALLITERATIVE PROSE: Many texts of Old English and Middle English prose use the same techniques as alliterative verse . Aelfric (c. 955-1010 CE) and Wulfstan (d.

1023) wrote many treatises using skillful alliteration. The Herefordshire texts known collectively as the The Katherine Group ( Hali Meiohad , Sawles Warde , Seinte Katerine , Seinte Marherete , Seinte Iuliene ) are some examples in Middle English. ALLITERATIVE REVIVAL: The general increase or surge in alliterative poetry composed in the second half of the 14th century in England. Tips Creative! Alliteration had been the formalistic focus in Old English poetry, but after 1066 it began to be replaced by the new convention of embezzlement research rhyme, which southern courtly poets were using due to the influence of continental traditions in the Romance languages like Latin and French. Creative Writing Beginners! Between 1066 and 1300, hardly any poetic manuscripts using the alliterative form survive. There are two theories to case study in epidemiology, explain this absence. Theory number one argues this absence is a quirk of textual history, and that individuals were still writing alliterative verse, but by coincidence none of the tips beginners, manuscripts survive to the modern period, or that the tradition survived in oral form only and was never written down. The second theory suggests that, after alliterative verse had been mostly abandoned, a surge of regionalism or nationalism encouraged northern poets to return to buy power point, it during the mid- and late-1300s. In either case, during this time, Piers Plowman , Sir Gawain and the Green Knight and other important medieval poems were written using alliterative techniques. See alliteration , above, and alliterative verse , below.

ALLITERATIVE VERSE: A traditional form of Anglo-Saxon and Old Norse poetry in writing which each line has at least four stressed syllables, and those stresses fall on about billing syllables in which three or four words alliterate (repeat the same consonant sound). Creative Beginners! Alliterative verse largely died out in English within a few centuries of the Norman Conquest. The Normans introduced continental conventions of poetry, including rhyme and octosyllabic couplets. The last surge of alliterative poetry in the native English tradition is embezzlement research known as the alliterative revival during the Middle English period. See alliteration , above. ALLOMORPH : A different pronunciation of a morpheme. For instance, consider the -s plural morpheme. The standard /s/ sound (as in elks ) becomes a /z/ sound in tips beginners some allomorphs (such as boxes .) However, the same grapheme s is used to represent each sound. ALLOPHONE : A predictable change in the articulation of a phoneme. For example, the letter t in the word top is aspirated, but the letter t in stop is unaspirated.

ALLUSION : A casual reference in literature to a person, place, event, or another passage of literature, often without explicit identification. Allusions can originate in in epidemiology mythology, biblical references, historical events, legends, geography, or earlier literary works. Authors often use allusion to tips beginners, establish a tone, create an embezzlement paper, implied association, contrast two objects or people, make an unusual juxtaposition of references, or bring the reader into a world of tips creative beginners experience outside the limitations of the story itself. Need Essay! Authors assume that the readers will recognize the original sources and relate their meaning to the new context. For instance, if a teacher were to refer to his class as a horde of Mongols, the students will have no idea if they are being praised or vilified unless they know what the Mongol horde was and what activities it participated in historically. This historical allusion assumes a certain level of education or awareness in the audience, so it should normally be taken as a compliment rather than an insult or an attempt at obscurity. ALOFT, THE : Also called the above and sometimes used interchangeably with the Heavens, this term refers to writing, the gallery on control study in epidemiology the upper level of the frons scenae . In Shakespeare's Globe theater, this area contained the tips writing beginners, lords' rooms, but the center of this location was also used by the actors for short scenes. On the other hand, in need most indoor theaters like the Blackfriars Theater, musicians above the stage would perform in a curtained alcove here. ALPHABET POEM : An acrostic poem of thirteen lines in which each line consists of two words, each word beginning with sequential letters in the alphabetic pattern ABCDEF, etc.

Deutsche noteas that many poets like Paul West take liberties such as using Greek or Russian letters and introducing -ex compounds. Here is an example from West: Yum-yum! (West, qtd. in writing Deutsche 11) ALPHABETIC : The adjective alphabetic refers to any writing system in which each unit or letter represents a single sound in theory. English writing is theoretically alphabetic--but in actual point of fact is so riddled with exceptions and oddities that it hardly counts--as discussed here. ALPHABETISM : A word formed from the initial letters of other words (or syllables) pronounced with the letters of the alphabet--such as the IRS , CIA , the VP , or VIP . See further discussion under acronym . ALTAIC (from the Altai mountains): A non-Indo-European language family including Turkish, Tungusic, and buy power point Mongolian. ALTER EGO : A literary character or narrator who is a thinly disguised representation of the author, poet, or playwright creating a work. Some scholars suggest that J. Alfred Prufrock is an alter ego for T. S. Eliot in The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock, or that the writing, wizard Prospero giving up his magic in The Tempest is an alter ego of Shakespeare saying farewell to the magic of the stage. Contrast with persona . ALTHING : The closest approximation the Icelandic Vikings had to a government/court system/police--a gathering of representatives from the local things to decide on policy, hear complaints, settle disputes, and proclaim incorrigible individuals as outlaws (see below). The thing was a gathering for each local community in quote essay Iceland, but the althing was a gathering for the entire island's male population. ALVEOLAR : This adjective refers to any sound made by the tongue's approaching the gum ridge.

Examples include the sounds /n/ , /l/ , /z/ and /s/ . ALVEOPALATAL : This adjective refers to any sound made by the tongue's approaching the gum ridge and tips creative writing beginners the hard palate. Examples include the related billing, consonant sounds found in the beginning of the words Jill , Chill , and tips beginners shall and the beginning and ending sounds of the word rouge . AMALGAMATED COMPOUND : A word originally formed from a compound, but whose form is no longer clearly connected to its origin, such as the word not --originally compounded from essay Anglo-Saxon na-wiht (no whit). AMANUENSIS (from Latin, ab manus , by hand, plural amanuenses ): A servant, slave, secretary, or scribe who takes dictation for an author who speaks aloud. Many works of literature--especially from Roman and medieval times--result from the labor of such a scribe. For instance, the illiterate Margery Kempe had two friars who served as amanuenses to write down her Book of Margery Kempe . Many Roman poets kept slaves who worked as their personal amanuenses, such as Cicero's slave Tyro, and so on. AMBAGE (back formation from ambi + agere , to drive both ways, pronounced in a manner that loosely rhymes with damage): Circumlocution or periphrasis designed with an eye toward deceiving or confusing the audience. In the plural, several such instances are ambages . See discussion under periphrasis . AMBIANCE : Loosely the term is equivalent to tips writing, atmosphere or mood, but more specifically, ambiance is the atmosphere or mood of a particular setting or location. Ambiance is buy power point particularly vital to gothic literature and to the horror story, and to many young college students' dates. See atmosphere , mood and setting . AMBIGUITY : In common conversation, ambiguity is a negative term applied to a vague or equivocal expression when precision would be more useful. Sometimes, however, intentional ambiguity in literature can be a powerful device, leaving something undetermined in order to open up multiple possible meanings. When we refer to literary ambiguity, we refer to any wording, action, or symbol that can be read in divergent ways.

As William Empson put it, ambiguity is any verbal nuance, however slight, which gives room for alternative reactions to writing, the same piece of language (qtd. in Deutsch 11). AMELIORATION (from Latin, melior , better): A semantic change in which a word gains increasingly favorable connotation. For instance, the Middle English word knight used to mean servant (as German Knecht still does). The word grew through amelioration to mean a servant of the king and later a minor nobleman. Similar amelioration affected the support, Anglo-Saxon word eorl , which becomes Modern English earl . Creative Beginners! The opposite term, pejoration , is case control design in epidemiology a semantic change in which a word gains increasingly negative connotations. AMERICAN DREAM : A theme in tips American literature, film, and art that expresses optimistic desires for essay elaboration, self-improvement, freedom, and self-sufficiency.

Harry Shaw notes that the term can have no clear and fixed expression because it means whatever its user has in mind a particular time (12). Creative! In general, it connotes life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness in Thomas Jefferson's phrasing. One expression of this is the materialistic rags-to-riches motif of many nineteenth-century novels. Here, through hard work, cleverness, and honesty, a young pauper rises in embezzlement socio-economic status until he is a powerful and successful man. An example here would be the stories by Horatio Alger. Other expressions of this theme focus on more abstract qualities like freedom or self-determination. Many critics have argued that this dream is in many ways a myth in creative writing the twentieth- and embezzlement paper twenty-first centuries, given America's frequent discriminatory treatment of immigrants and creative its continuing economic trends in which an ever smaller number of wealthy people accrue an ever larger percentage of study design in epidemiology material wealth with each generation, i.e., the rich get richer and writing the poor get babies. Other events, such as the loss of the essay, American frontier, segregation and exclusion of minorities, McCarthyism in the 1950s, unpopular wars in beginners Vietnam in quote prompt the 1960s, and writing gradual ecological devastation over the last hundred years, together have inspired literary works that criticize or question the American Dream--often seeing it as ultimately selfish or destructive on one or more levels. Support Elaboration! Examples of these writing would be Miller's Death of A Salesman, Ellison's Invisible Man, and Steinbeck's The Grapes of Wrath . AMERICAN ENGLISH : The English language as it developed in creative writing beginners North America, especially in terms of its diction and the spelling and grammatical differences that distinguish it from British English. AMERICANISM : An expression that is characteristic of the U.S.A. or one which first developed in quote prompt America.

AMESLAN : American Sign Language--a language composed of hand-signs for the deaf. AMPHIBRACH : In classical poetry, a three-syllable poetic foot consisting of a light stress, heavy stress, and tips creative writing a light stress--short on both ends. Amphibrachs are quite rare in English, but they can be found in special circumstances, especially when the poet manipulates the caesura to create an unusual effect. Demonstrate Financial Need! See caesura . An example of an English word forming an creative writing beginners, amphibrach is crustacean . An amphibrach is the reverse-form of an amphimacer . AMPHIMACER : A three-syllable foot consisting of case control in epidemiology a heavy, light, and heavy stress. Poetry written in amphimacers is called cretic meter . Amphimacer is rarely used in tips English poetry, but it is quite common in need essay Greek. An example of an English phrase forming an amphimacer is beginners deaf-and-dumb . An amphimacer is the reverse-form of an support elaboration, amphibrach . AMPHISBAENIC RHYME : A poetic structure invented by Edmund Wilson in tips creative which final words in study design in epidemiology strategic lines do not rhyme in the traditional sense, but rather reverse their order of creative writing consonants and embezzlement paper vowels to appear backwards. For example, Wilson writes: But tonight I come lone and be lated -- Foreseeing in every detail , And resolved for a day to tips beginners, side step.

My friends and their guests and their pets . The colored sections above have the amphisbaenic features. AMPHITHEATER : An open-air theater, especially the unroofed public playhouses in the suburbs of London. Research Paper! Shakespeare's Globe and the Rose are two examples. ANACHRONISM : Placing an event, person, item, or verbal expression in writing beginners the wrong historical period. In Shakespeare's Julius Caesar , Shakespeare writes the quote essay prompt, following lines: Cassius: The clock has stricken three (Act II, scene i, lines 193-94). Of course, there were no household clocks during Roman times, no more than there were Blu-Ray disk players!

The reference is an anachronism, either accidental or intentional. Elizabethan theater often intentionally used anachronism in creative writing its costuming, a tradition that survives today when Shakespeare's plays are performed in biker garb or in Victorian frippery. Case Study Design In Epidemiology! Indeed, from surviving illustrations, the acting companies in Elizabethan England appeared to deliberately create anachronisms in creative writing their costumes. Some actors would dress in current Elizabethan garb, others in garb that was a few decades out of date, and others wore pseudo-historical costumes from past-centuries--all within a single scene or play. ANACREONTICS : Poetry or song-verse modeled on the poetry of the Greek poet Anacreon--i.e., carpe diem poetry praising hedonistic pleasures of wine, women, and song, written in trochaic tetrameter. Here is a typical example of essay support Anacreon's poetry in Stanley's translation: Fruitful earth drinks up the rain; Trees from earth drink that again; The sea drinks the air, the sun.

Drinks the sea, and him the moon. Is it reason then, d'ye think, I should thirst when all else drink? ANACRUSIS : The addition of an extra unstressed syllable or two at the start of a line of verse--but these additions are not considered part of the tips, regular metrical count. Deutsch points out an example of anacrusis in the last line of financial this stanza by Blake, where the article the is an unstressed addition: Innocence doth like a rose. Bloom on every maiden's cheek; Honour twines around her brows,

The jewel health adorns her neck. (qtd. in Deutsche 14) ANADIPLOSIS (Greek doubling): Repeating the last word of a clause at the beginning of the next clause. Tips! As Nietzsche said, Talent is an related about billing, adornment; an creative writing, adornment is also a concealment. Ann Landers once claimed, The poor wish to essay support elaboration, be rich, the tips writing beginners, rich wish to be happy, the single wish to be married, and the married wish to be dead. Extended anadiplosis is essay prompt called gradatio . For instance, in The Caine Mutiny the captain declares: Aboard my ship, excellent performance is standard. Standard performance is sub-standard.

Sub-standard performance is writing beginners not allowed. Biblically speaking, St. Paul claims, We glory in tribulations also, knowing that tribulation worketh patience; and patience, experience; and experience, hope, and hope maketh man not ashamed. Samuel Johnson writes, Labour and care are rewarded with success, success produces confidence, confidence relaxes industry, and negligence ruins the reputation which diligence had raised ( Rambler No. 21). On a more mundane level, the character of Yoda states in essay elaboration Star Wars, Episode I : Fear leads to anger; anger leads to hatred; hatred leads to conflict; conflict leads to tips creative writing, suffering . Gradatio creates a rhythmical pattern to embezzlement research paper, carry the reader along the text, even as it establishes a connection between words. Anadiplosis and gradatio are examples of rhetorical schemes. ANAGNORISIS : (Greek for tips, recognition): A term used by Aristotle in related thesis about the Poetics to describe the moment of tragic recognition in which the protagonist realizes some important fact or insight, especially a truth about creative himself, human nature, or his situation. Aristotle argues that the ideal moment for anagnorisis in a tragedy is the moment of peripeteia , the reversal of fortune. Essay Support! Critics often claim that the moment of tragic recognition is found within a single line of text, in which the tragic hero admits to his lack of tips beginners insight or asserts the buy power point, new truth he recognizes. This passage is often called the line of tips creative writing tragic recognition.

See further discussion under tragedy . ANAGOGICAL : In fourfold interpretation , the essay support, anagogical reading is the creative beginners, fourth type of quote interpretation in which one reads a religious writing in tips beginners an eschatological manner, i.e., the interpreter sees the passage as a revelation concerning the last days, the end of demonstrate financial time, or the afterlife. ANAGRAM (Greek: writing back or anew): When the letters or syllables in a name, word or phrase are shuffled together or jumbled to form a new word. For instance, in Tanith Lee's short story, Bite-Me-Not, or Fleur De Fleu, the predatory vampire's name is Feroluce --an anagram of his demonic predecessor, Lucifer. Similarly in the film Angelheart , the writing, devil travels using the anagram Louis Cipher , i.e., Lucifer as a moniker, and in buy power point film-makers' spin-offs of Bram Stoker's Dracula , Dracula uses the name Alucard as a disguise. (An anagram that functions by merely writing a name backwards is known more specifically as an ananym .) Authors who love wordplay love using anagrams. For instance, Samuel Butler's utopian satire Erewhon is an anagram of Nowhere.

Critics have suggested Hawthorne's short story The Minister's Black Veil involves an anagram on creative writing veil and evil . Anagrams were quite popular in control study design the Renaissance. ANALOGUE (also spelled analog ): A story that contains similar characters, situations, settings, or verbal echoes to beginners, those found in a different story. Sometimes analogues reveal that one version was adopted from or inspired by another, or that both tales originate in embezzlement paper a lost, older text. Creative Writing Beginners! When one version is clearly the ancestor of another, literary scholars refer to it as a source. For instance, Romeo and Juliet and Westside Story are analogues, with Romeo and Juliet being a loose source for the other. The character of Utnapishtim in the Babylonian flood legend is an analogue for the character of Noah in essay prompt the Hebrew Bible, which in turn is an analogue for the Atlantis myth . In other cases, analogues appear that probably have no direct connection to each other. Grettir's Saga , which includes a wrestling bout between the tips creative writing beginners, strongest Icelander and essay an evil spirit, is often thought of as an analogue to Beowulf , in which a hero with the strength of thirty men wrestles with the monster Grendel.

Grettir dives under an ocean-side waterfall and creative writing beginners does battle with a Troll-wife, just as Beowulf dives into a lake and embezzlement research does battle with Grendel's mother. These two pairs of scenes are analogues to each other. Most of Chaucer's stories in The Canterbury Tales have analogues with varying degrees of correspondence; often these are of tips French or Italian origin. In general, the key philological question of analogues is whether they are the result of monogenesis or polygenesis . ANALOGY, LINGUISTIC : The modification of grammatical usage from the desire for demonstrate financial need, uniformity. For instance, a child who states, I broked the toy or a man who says I knowed the truth is tips beginners merely attempting to quote essay prompt, regularize the tips creative, past tense of thesis about billing system these verbs through linguistic analogy.

Cf. hypercorrection . ANALYTIC : A language is analytic if it requires a certain word order to make grammatical sense--often this requires extensive use of prepositions and auxiliary verbs. For instance, take the sentence, The dog bit the writing, boy. We know in paper modern English that dog is the subject and boy is the direct object because of word order, the common analytical pattern being subject-verb-object . Writing! Examples of essay support analytic languages include French, Spanish, Modern English (but not Old English) and Italian. The opposite type of language uses declensions (special endings stuck on the ends of words) to show what case each word has. This type is called an inflected or synthetic language. Click here for more information about tips case . ANALYTICAL COMPARISON : Comparison using more and most instead of quote essay -er and -est . ANALYZED RHYME : Another term for tips creative writing beginners, inexact rhyme . See below. ANAPEST : A foot or unit of buy power point poetry consisting of two light syllables followed by a single stressed syllable.

Some words and phrases in English that constitute anapests include the following examples: understand, interrupt, comprehend, anapest, New Rochelle, contradict, get a life, condescend, Coeur d'Alene, in the blink of an eye, and so on. Anapestic meter consists of lines of poetry that follow this pattern of creative light stress, light stress, heavy stress pattern. For example: The Assyrian came dówn like a wólf on case control design in epidemiology the fóld (Lord Byron, The Destruction of Sennacherib) or Oh he flies through the air with the greatest of ease. See extended discussion under meter . Click here to download a PDF handout that contrasts anapests with other types of metrical feet. ANAPHORA (Greek, carried again, also called epanaphora ): The intentional repetition of beginning clauses in tips beginners order to create an artistic effect. Quote Essay! For instance, Churchill declared, We shall not flag or fail. We shall go on the end. We shall fight in France. Tips Creative! We shall fight on the seas and oceans. We shall fight with growing confidence and demonstrate need essay growing strength in the air.

We shall defend our island, whatever the cost shall be. The repetition of We shall. . . creates a rhetorical effect of creative beginners solidarity and determination. A well-known example is the thesis about system, Beatitudes in the Bible, where nine statements in a row begin with Blessed are. Tips! (Blessed are the poor in spirit, for theirs is the kingdom of quote prompt heaven. Blessed are they that mourn, for they shall be comforted.) Anaphora is the opposite of epistrophe , in beginners which the poet or rhetorician repeats the concluding phrase over and over for embezzlement research paper, effects. Often the two can be combined effectively as well. For instance, Saint Paul writes to the church at Corinth, Are they Hebrews? So am I. Are they Israelites? So am I. Are they the seed of Abraham? So am I. Are they the ministers of tips creative Christ?

I am more. Here, artful use of anaphora and epistrophe combined help Paul make his point more emphatically. Both anaphora and epistrophe are examples of rhetorical schemes. They serve to quote, lend weight and emphasis. ANAPODOTON : Deliberately creating a sentence fragment by the omission of a clause: If only you came with me! If only students knew what anapodoton was! Good writers never use sentence fragments? Ah, but they can. And they do. When appropriate. Anapodoton is an example of a rhetorical scheme.

ANAPTYXIS : In linguistics, anaptyxis is the appearance of an intrusive vowel sound between two consonants when that vowel is tips creative unexpected historically or when it shouldn't be there according to the normal rules of language development. For instance, many speakers insert a schwa sound between the /l/ and /m/ in the word elm or the word film . The adjective form of this word is design in epidemiology anaptyctic . Note that some linguists prefer to call this phenomenon svarabhakti (from the Sanskrit term), and thus they refer to the intrusive vowel as a svarabhakti vowel . Compare with the rhetorical device epenthesis . ANASTROPHE : Inverted order of words or events as a rhetorical scheme. Anastrophe is specifically a type of hyperbaton in which the adjective appears after the creative writing beginners, noun when we expect to find the adjective before the noun. For example, Shakespeare speaks of Figures pedantical ( LLL 5.2.407). Faulkner describes The old bear . . . not even a mortal but an anachronism indomitable and invincible out of an old dead time. Lewis Carroll uses anastrophe in prompt Jabberwocky, where we hear, Long time the manxome foe he sought. / So rested he by the Tumtum tree . . . . Tips Creative Writing Beginners! T. S. Eliot writes of Time present and time past, and so on. Particularly clever anastrophe can become a trope when it alters meaning in unusual ways. For instance, T. S. Eliot writes of quote essay arms that wrap about a shawl rather than shawls that wrap about an tips creative, arm in buy power point The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock. See also hyperbaton . Natalie Dorsch's poem, Just Because, makes use of extended anastrophe in a clever way to show how delightfully confused the speaker is after a romantic interlude: shut the stairs, took off my prayers, turned off my bed, got into the light, you kissed me goodnight.

Here, she makes use of tips beginners anastrophe in nearly every line. Alternatively, we can use the term anastrophe as a reference to entire narratives in which the sequence of events are chopped into sections and case control design then shuffled or scrambled into an unusual narrative order. An example of this type of anastrophe might be the sequence of events in creative writing beginners Quentin Tarentino's film Pulp Fiction or Kurt Vonnegut's novel Slaughterhouse Five . Contrast with periodic sentence . ANATOLIAN : A branch of Indo-European languages spoken in Asia Minor, including Hittite. ANCHORESS : A female anchorite. These women were eremites or hermits in the medieval period who would request permission from the local pastor to be walled up alive in embezzlement a small cell attached to the side of the church. Creative Writing! There the anchoress would live out the rest of her days, relying upon the charity of the local community to provide food and water through a small opening. The practice was a common one in the medieval period.

Such hermits were considered especially holy for giving up worldly concerns, and financial need essay they were often highly respected as spiritual counselors. Male anchoresses are called anchorites, and the enclosures they dwell in are called anchorholds . The medieval writer Julian of Norwich was one such anchoress. ANCHORHOLD : In medieval times, an enclosure in the wall of a church where an anchorite or anchoress would be sealed up alive as a gesture of faith. ANCHORITE : An eremite or hermit in the medieval period who requests permission from the creative beginners, local pastor to be sealed up in a small cell attached to the side of the church, where the anchorite would live out the rest of his days relying upon the charity of the local community to provide food and essay support elaboration water through a small opening. The practice was a common one in the medieval period.

Such hermits were considered especially holy for giving up worldly concerns, and they were often highly respected as spiritual counselors. Beginners! Female anchorites are called anchoresses, and the enclosures in which they dwell are called anchorholds . ANCILLARY CHARACTERS (Latin ancilla : helper or maid): Less important characters who are not the primary protagonist or antagonist , but who highlight these characters or interact with them in such a way as to provide insight into the narrative action. Typical ancillary characters include foils , choric characters , deuteragonists , soubrettes , tritagonists , and stock characters . See character for more information. ANECDOTE : A short narrative account of an amusing, unusual, revealing, or interesting event. A good anecdote has a single, definite point, and essay support the setting, dialogue, and characters are usually subordinate to the point of the story. Usually, the anecdote does not exist alone, but it is combined with other material such as expository essays or arguments. Creative Writing Beginners! Writers may use anecdotes to clarify abstract points, to humanize individuals, or to create a memorable image in the reader's mind.

Anecdotes are similar to exempla . See exemplum . ANGLIAN : The dialects of Old English spoken in Mercia and Northumbria. Not to study, be confused with the word Anglican . ANGLICAN CHURCH : The Protestant Church in England that originated when King Henry VIII broke his ties to the Vatican in Rome (the Catholic Church). ANGLO-NORMAN : (1) The time-period when Norman conquerors ruled over England. During the writing, Anglo-Norman period from 1066 until about 1200, Norman French was the language of literature and essay culture in England. (2) The dialect of tips creative writing beginners Norman French that evolved in England after the Normans came with William the embezzlement paper, Conquer, fought the writing beginners, Battle of Hastings, and ruled over England afterward. Scholars typically abbreviate the phrase as AN. A sample writer from the Anglo-Norman period was Marie de France. See also Battle of Hastings . ANGLO-SAXON : (1) Historically, the term refers to a group of Teutonic tribes who invaded England in buy power point the fifth and sixth centuries following the departure of Roman legions in 410 CE. These tribes, the Angles, the creative writing, Saxons, and the Jutes, came from the northern parts of Europe and gave their name (Angle-Land) to England, driving the native Celtic peoples into the farthest western and northern regions of Britain.

We can also refer to buy power point, the time-period of 410 CE up until about 1066 CE as the Anglo-Saxon historical period in tips creative writing Britain. In linguistics, the term Anglo-Saxon is also used to refer to essay, Old English, the language spoken by these tribes and the precursor of tips beginners Middle English and Modern English. See Old English . (2) In colloquial usage, the term Anglo-Saxon is often used to distinguish people of English ethnicity in Great Britain, Canada, and the United States--hence acronyms like WASP (White Anglo-Saxon Protestant). ANIMAL COMMUNICATION : The exchange of information among animals, especially as contrasted with human language and meta-language (Algeo 312). Examples include pheremone trails left by ants, semaphore communications among bees, mating calls among birds, and buy power point vocal alerts concerning different predators among certain mammals. ANIMISM : The belief that animals, plants, and objects have their own souls or spirits inhabiting them, as in modern Japanese religions like Shinto or in many older hunter-gatherer societies in Africa, Polynesia, and tips Australia. Many plant spirits in classical Greek mythology probably originate in earlier animistic belief, such as dryads and hamadryads (tree-spirits), Oreiads (mountain pine-tree spirits), Meliades (fruit-trees), and Meliai (ash tree and honey-hive spirits). Other animistic spirits in Greek myth include the Oeneads and quote prompt Krinaiai (well-spirits and fountain-spirits), Nephelai (cloud-spirits), Naiads (water-spirits), and Ithakiai (cave-spring spirits).

See also Solar Myth and vegetationsdämon . ANNAL : Another term for a chronicle, a brief year-by-year account of events. ANONYMOUS : Of unknown authorship, either because the historical records are missing to shed light on the author's identity, or because the author deliberately hid his identity. Probably 90% of surviving medieval literature lacks authorial attribution. In the case of folklore and much mythology, the oldest versions are also usually anonymous. ANTAGONIST : See discussion under character , below. ANTHIMERIA : Artfully using a different part of speech to act as another in violation of the normal rules of grammar. This switch might involve treating a verb like a noun, or a noun like a verb, or an adjective like a verb, and so on.

Thus, in 1960s pop culture, Nancy Sinatra's song These Boots Are Made for Walkin' has a speaker who tells the implied audience, You keep lying when you ought to be truthing . Beginners! . . . You keep saming when you ought to be changing. In a more literary vein, e. e. cummings might speak of how he sang his didn't , he danced his did . Quote Prompt! A television advertisement might exhort its listeners to Gift him with Sports Illustrated magazine for Christmas (as opposed to give him Sports Illustrated for Christmas). Rabelais might state, I am going in search of the great perhaps and when the priest Angelo is doing an effective job of controlling the city, we hear that Lord Angelo dukes it well in Shakespeare's Measure for Measure (III, iii), and so on. Anthimeria allows poets to step into an extra-verbal realm to suggest and hint at writing beginners, that which cannot be put easily in words without a loss of prompt verbal magic. Linguists more generally call this device form shift . ANTHOLOGY (from Grk. anther + logos , flower-words): Literally implying a collection of flowers, the term anthology refers to a collection of poetry, drama, or verse. English majors may be familiar with the ubiquitous Norton Anthology of British Literature , for beginners, instance.

The first collection of poetry thus labeled was The Anthology , a collection of demonstrate financial need essay some 4,500 Greek poems dating between 490 BCE and 1,000 CE. ANTICATHOLICISM : Literature or rhetoric created (often by tips writing beginners, Protestants) for the purpose of billing system countering Catholic doctrine or depicting Catholicism in a negative light. Tips! In Reformation and Post-Reformation British literature, anticatholic motifs frequently appear after the Anglican Church splits from Rome under Henry VIII. Examples include Spenser's Faerie Queene , in embezzlement which Catholic associations surround villains like Duessa and Archimago. A similar surge of anticatholic characterizations appear just before and during the Enlightenment period, notably in Gothic literature like Lewis' The Monk , in which convents and monasteries are depicted as hypocritical hives of sadism and superstition. ANTICLIMAX (also called bathos ): a drop, often sudden and writing beginners unexpected, from a dignified or important idea or situation to one that is buy power point trivial or humorous. Also a sudden descent from something sublime to something ridiculous. In fiction and drama, this refers to action that is disappointing in contrast to the previous moment of tips writing beginners intense interest. Thesis About System! In rhetoric, the creative writing beginners, effect is related thesis about system frequently intentional and comic. For example: Usama Bin Laden: Wanted for Crimes of War, Terrorism, Murder, Conspiracy, and Nefarious Parking Practices.

ANTIFEMINIST TRADITION : While some medieval women writers like Christine de Pisan and tips creative writing Margery Kempe advocated that women should have stronger positions in the medieval church or medieval society more generally, many other writers (mostly but not exclusively male) called for the female gender to about system, remain in inferior or subservient positions. Other monastic writers would go so far as to tips writing, declare all women evil temptresses and seductresses, inherently corrupt, conniving, incompetent, and weak-willed. Research Paper! Modern critics call these writers and their works the beginners, anti-feminist tradition. The term primarily applies to financial need, patristic writers like Saint Jerome, Saint Augustine, and Saint Paul, but it more loosely applies to Juvenal, Theophrastus, Abelard, John of Salisbury, Walter Map, Hugh of Folietto, Peter of Blois, and Andreas Fieschi. In Chaucer's The Wife of tips creative writing beginners Bath's Tale, the Wife recounts how her fifth husband would read from essay support a book of Wykked Wyves--apparently a collection of works in the anti-feminist tradition. Aemilia Lanyer confronts and rebuts this anti-feminist tradition in her Renaissance work, Salve Deus, Rex Judaeorum , and Virginia Woolf touches on tips beginners it indirectly in her twentieth-century writings like A Room of One's Own. ANTI-FRATERNAL SATIRE : Medieval satire that points out (in humor or anger) the failings and paper hypocrisies of bad monks, friars, and nuns in particular and the secular clergy and church officers more generally. Examples from The Canterbury Tales include Chaucer's depiction of the Monk and Prioress in creative The General Prologue and the content of The Summoner's Tale.

ANTIHERO : A protagonist who is a non-hero or the antithesis of case control study in epidemiology a traditional hero. While the tips creative, traditional hero may be dashing, strong, brave, resourceful, or handsome, the antihero may be incompetent, unlucky, clumsy, dumb, ugly, or clownish. Examples here might include the senile protagonist of Cervantes' Don Quixote or the girlish knight Sir Thopas from Chaucer's Sir Thopas. In the quote essay, case of the Byronic and Miltonic antihero, the antihero is a romanticized but wicked character who defies authority, and becomes paradoxically ennobled by beginners, his peculiar rejection of virtue. In this sense, Milton presents Satan in Paradise Lost as an antihero in a sympathetic manner--at least in related thesis system the first half of the poem. The same is true of Heathcliffe in Emily Bronté's Wuthering Heights . Compare with the picaro . ANTIMETABOLE (Greek, turning about): A rhetorical scheme involving repetition in reverse order : One should eat to live, not live to eat.

Or, You like it; it likes you. The witches in that Scottish play chant, Fair is foul and foul is fair. One character in Love's Labor's Lost uses antimetabole when he asks I pretty, and my saying apt? Or I apt, and my saying pretty? (I, ii). The first will be last and the last will be first, and creative so forth. Antimetabole often overlaps with chiasmus . This device is sometimes used as a synonym for epanados in embezzlement modern textbooks (though classical rhetoricians would treat it as distinct). Tips Writing Beginners! See schemes . ANTI-SEMITIC LITERATURE : Literature that vilifies Jews or encourages racist attitudes toward them. Much of the embezzlement research, religious literature produced in medieval and Renaissance Europe unfortunately engaged in anti-Semitism to one degree or another. Writing! This is due to a series of essay support sociological causes too lengthy to discuss here. Typical allegations accused Jews of killing and cannibalizing Christians, secretly poisoning wells, spreading plague and leprosy among non-Jewish neighbors, kidnapping Christian children, defiling communion wafers, and engaging in beginners various economic crimes, the most famous being blood libel . The irony is that, although Jews were blamed for thesis about billing, various outbreaks of tips creative writing plague and the contamination of water supplies, in many such communities there were no Jews present at all. They had often been kicked out of the country long before the crimes took place.

In 1182 Philip II banished the Jews from France, causing many Jews to essay prompt, flee to England, where many other Jews had sought shelter in creative writing the eleventh century. Need Essay! Anti-Semitic violence intensified after the crusades, culminating in the church's Fourth Lateran Council of writing 1215, which passed laws requiring Jews to wear distinctive clothing and forbidding them from holding political office in Chrstian-controlled lands. Local bishoprics and principalities embraced these new laws, and related about often added their own twists, such as requiring Jews to pay additional taxes, or requiring the most senior Jewish Rabbi to creative beginners, submit to various ritual humiliations before the community at Easter. (In one French city, for research, instance, the most prestigious Rabbi had to appear on the doorsteps of the bishop's cathedral on Easter afternoon to receive a ritual blow and communal rejection.) Other secular authorities followed the beginners, ecclesiastical example by making it illegal for Jews to own land or to research paper, labor in an occupation that would compete with local Christians. Creative! Ironically, this policy forced Jews to case control study, train themselves in highly skilled professions such as law, medicine, accounting, gem-cutting, and whatnot. These lucrative professions only further aroused the envy and tips creative ire of less-skilled, less educated, and buy power point less wealthy citizens of the European kingdoms. Creative Writing! In 1275, Edward I began to default on the loans he owed Jewish moneylenders, and in 1287, he imprisoned some 3,000 Jewish subjects, whom he ransomed to their families for support, cash.

In spite of the Jewish payment in good faith, he issued an edict in 1290 banishing all Jews from England and beginners confiscating all their properties. After Jews were allowed to return to France, French King Philip IV expelled them again in 1306, forcing them to flee to Germany. Mass burnings and executions of Jews took place in Germany in 1349 after an outbreak of plague, and so on--right up to the Holocaust of World War II, in which the genocide was horrifying not for quote, its novelty, but rather for creative beginners, its continuation of a centuries-long tradition with the added efficiency of modern technologies like gas chambers and study incinerators. Such occurrences affect the literature of a culture as well. The Legends of the tips beginners, Holy Rood , for instance, recounts an Anglo-Latin story of how Jewish blasphemers drown in Christ's blood after entering a Christian church. Need! In the tale, the doors slam shutting locking the Jews inside. The cross begin bleeding profusely until the liquid filled the entire structure and overwhelms them. The Anglo-Saxon poem Elena (St. Helen) describes the creative beginners, way the pious mother of Constantine tortures reluctant Jews in order to locate the remains of the true cross, which the Jews had sneakily hidden away from buy power point her in order to tips creative beginners, conceal the truth of Christ's resurrection.

In Middle English, we see that Chaucer's Prioress' Tale likewise depicts Jews as manipulative evildoers who murder a saintly young choirboy. In the Renaissance, Shakespeare's The Merchant of Venice presents a Jewish lawyer, Shylock, as the financial need essay, villain scheming to extract a pound of flesh from tips writing beginners his poor Christian victim, and related thesis billing system so on, ad nauseum . Occasionally, it is creative writing beginners ambiguous whether readers should accept the anti-Semitism readily. Research Paper! For instance, the Prioress' earlier depiction in tips writing beginners Chaucer's General Prologue suggests she has misplaced secular priorities, so Chaucer might not intend for her to be a very authoritative or holy figure when she tells her tale. Likewise, Shakespeare does a marvelous job of transforming Shylock into thesis, an indignant and injured human being rather than a moustache-twirling, two-dimensional stereotype in Shylock's If they prick us. . Tips! . . Buy Power Point! speech and in his soliloquies discussing the tips creative writing, way Christians have subtly mocked him, cheated him, and insulted his family. However, such literary moments are rare in which an author questions the embezzlement research, common anti-Semitism of the era. Tips Creative! Thus, when we do find material that suggests a more tolerant attitude, we must approach it with a skeptical eye to make sure we are not misreading historical intent. ANTITHESIS (plural: antitheses ): Using opposite phrases in close conjunction. Examples might be, I burn and I freeze, or Her character is study design in epidemiology white as sunlight, black as midnight.

The best antitheses express their contrary ideas in tips creative a balanced sentence. It can be a contrast of opposites: Evil men fear authority; good men cherish it. Alternatively, it can be a contrast of degree: One small step for a man, one giant leap for all mankind. Embezzlement Research Paper! Antithesis is an example of a rhetorical scheme. Contrast with oxymoron . ANTITYPE : A figure, event, or symbol in the New Testament thought to be prefigured by a different figure, event, or symbol in the Old Testament. See extended discussion under typology . APHAEARESIS (also spelled apheresis ; plural: aphaeareses, adj. apheretic ): Rhetorically deleting a syllable--unaccented or accented--from the beginning of a word to create a new term or phrasing.

For instance, in King Lear , we hear that, the king hath cause to plain (3.1.39). Here, the word complain has lost its first syllable. Tips Creative Writing Beginners! In Hamlet 2.2.561, Hamlet asks, Who should 'scape whipping if every man were treated as he deserved. Note that the e- in escape has itself cleverly escaped from its position! Aphaeresis is an financial need essay, example of a rhetorical scheme or trope. The adjective form is apheretic . Contrast with the more precise linguistic term aphesis . APHESIS : Linguistically, the omission of an un accented syllable from the front of a word. Contrast with the writing beginners, more general rhetorical term, aphaearesis . APOCALYPSE : From the study design in epidemiology, Greek word apocalypsis (unveiling), an apocalypse originally referred to a mystical revelation of a spiritual truth, but has changed in twentieth-century use to refer specifically to mystical visions concerning the end of the world. The most famous Apocalypse in creative the Christian tradition is the book commonly known to Protestants as Revelation in the New Testament.

Attributed to John of Patmos, legend states that John wrote it in exile about the year 70 AD, though surviving manuscripts are much later in date. All apocalyptic narratives are by their nature eschatological (see below). APOCOPATED RHYME AND METER : Poetic use of apocope to create a rhyming word at the end of essay a line or to balance the tips, number of syllables to stay within metrical restraints (see meter ). (The latter type might be more accurately called apocopated meter rather than apocopated rhyme.) For example, in Keats' poem La Belle Dame Sans Merci, the poetic speaker refers to a lady in the meads instead of a lady in the meadows , and he speaks of an elfin grot instead of an quote prompt, elfin grotto . Clever poets use this formalistic device in a way that connects with the thematic content. APOCOPE : Deleting a syllable or letter from the end of a word. Tips Creative Beginners! In The Merchant of control design in epidemiology Venice , one character says, when I ope my lips let no dog bark, and the last syllable of creative writing beginners open falls away into essay support elaboration, ope before the reader's eyes (1.1.93-94). Tips Creative Writing Beginners! In Troilus and Cressida , Shakespeare proclaims, If I might in research entreaties find success--/ As seld I have the chance--I would desire / My famous cousin to our Grecian tents (4.5.148). Here the tips writing beginners, word seldom becomes seld . Quote Essay! Apocope is an tips creative writing beginners, example of case control study design in epidemiology a rhetorical scheme.

Note that some scholars modernize this word and refer to it as apocopation . Tips Creative Beginners! Contrast with syncope . APOPHASIS : Denying one's intention to talk or write about a subject, but making the denial in such a way that the system, subject is creative writing actually discussed. For instance, a candidate for the senate might start his speech declaring, I don't have time to list the seventeen felony counts my opponent faces, or the embezzlement research paper, lurid rumors of my opponent's sexual behavior with sixteen-year old girls, or the evidence that he is engaged in tax evasion. Instead, I am going to creative writing, talk about my own qualities that I would bring to the senate if you vote for me . Quote Prompt! . Beginners! . A fine example of apophasis in Shakespeare comes from Mark Antony's funeral speech in Julius Caesar : I am no orator, as Brutus is; But, as you know me all, a plain blunt man . . . For I have neither wit, nor words, nor worth, Action, nor utterance, nor the power of speech.

To stir men's blood; I only speak right on. APORIA (Greek: impassable path): The deliberate act of talking about how one is unable to talk about control study design in epidemiology something. For instance, I can't tell you how often writers use aporia . The term dubitatio refers to a subtype of aporia in which a speaker or writer pauses and deliberately reveals his doubt or uncertainty (genuine or feigned) about an issue. The aporia in the case of dubitatio is both that pause and the act of intentionally discussing that ambiguous reaction. This rhetorical ploy can make the audience feel sympathy for the speaker's dilemma, or it can help characterize the speaker as one who is open-minded and sincerely struggling with the creative, same issues the audience faces. More recently, literary deconstructionists like Jacques Derrida have high-jacked or modified the rhetorical term aporia, and control in epidemiology they use it to suggest a gap or a lacuna that exists between what the tips creative writing beginners, text attempts to say and financial need what it is forced to beginners, mean due to the constraints of language. Related Billing System! Aporia is an example of a rhetorical trope. See also apophasis , above. Contrast with aposiopesis , below. APOSIOPESIS : Breaking off as if unable to tips creative beginners, continue, stopping suddenly in about billing the midst of a sentence, or leaving a statement unfinished at a dramatic moment. Sometimes the interruption is an artificial choice the author makes for a dramatic effect.

For instance, Steele writes, The fire surrounds them while -- I cannot go on. He leaves the horrific outcome of the conflagration to tips creative beginners, the readers' imaginations. On the other hand, Hotspur's dying breath provides a literary instance in which the speaker is physically unable to about billing system, continue, leaving another to complete the thought: But that the earthy and cold hand of death. Lies on tips creative writing beginners my tongue. No, Percy, thou art dust, Prince Hal : For worms, brave Percy. ( 1 Henry IV , 5.4) Aposiopesis is related about billing a wonderful and flexible technique for showing a character's overcharged emotions. Creative! Hamlet makes use of need essay aposiopesis to beginners, illustrate his grief and shock at his mother's behavior after the king's death. One example is when he can't finish his comparison between his mother and buy power point Niobe: Like Niobe, all tears--why, she, even she-- / O God! a beast that wants discourse of reason / Would have mourned longer. Shakespeare again makes use of the technique when King Lear rages against beginners his evil daughters.

Shakespeare makes him so upset he can't even think of a proper punishment for them as the buy power point, old king breaks down in blustering tears: That all the creative writing, world shall--I will do such things-- What they are yet, I know not; but they shall be. The terrors of the earth! ( King Lear 2.4.274-77) Virgil makes epic use of essay aposiopesis ; he has the God Neptune become so angry at the windstorms over his ocean, he can't decide which storm-spirit to smack first or in what order to tips creative writing beginners, fix the resulting mess:

We find Biblical examples of aposiopesis in essay the Hebrew Bible, in which Moses doesn't even dare to creative writing, complete his sentence when he challenges God's decision to destroy the Israelites for their sin: And Moses returned unto the Lord, and said, 'Oh, this people ha ve sinned a great sin, and buy power point have made them gods of tips gold. Yet now, if thou wilt forgive their sin--; and if not, blot me, I pray thee, out of the essay elaboration, Book of Life (Exodus 32:31). Aposiopesis is an example of a rhetorical trope. APOSTROPHE : Not to be confused with the punctuation mark, apostrophe is the tips creative writing beginners, act of addressing some abstraction or personification that is not physically present: For instance, John Donne commands, Oh, Death, be not proud. King Lear proclaims, Ingratitude! thou marble-hearted fiend, / More hideous when thou show'st thee in a child / Than the sea-monster. Embezzlement Research Paper! Death, of course, is a phenomenon rather than a proud person, and tips ingratitude is an abstraction that hardly cares about Lear's opinion, but the act of addressing the abstract has its own rhetorical power. An apostrophe is an example of a rhetorical trope. APOTROPAIC : Designed to ward off evil influence or malevolent spirits by frightening these forces away. In many cultures, elaborate artwork depicting monsters would be created to financial, have an creative writing beginners, apotropaic affect. For instance, the fierce celestial dogs (Fu dogs) carved outside the entrance to Tibetan temples would keep evil spirits from entering the holy ground, and Amerindian shamans would wear frightening, grotesque medicine masks when they visited sick members of quote essay prompt their tribe to terrify the evil spirits making them sick.

It has been suggested that the tips writing, presence of gargoyles and grotesques on medieval cathedrals is a remnant of older pagan practices, in which monstrous apotropaic figures would be carved on the front of ships and over the entrances to buildings to ward off evil influences. Many Anglo-Saxon charms may have been apotropaic chants. APRON STAGE : A stage that projects out into the auditorium area. This enlarges the square footage available for actors to walk and move upon. This feature was not common in the days of classical Greco-Roman theater, but it was a common architectural trait in Elizabethan times and remains in use in some modern theaters. An apron stage is also known as a thrust stage . ARAMAIC : The Oxford Companion to the Bible discusses Chaldean Aramaic as a Northwest Semitic language closely related to Classical Hebrew. Classical Hebrew developed as an offshoot of proto-Canaanite around 1,000 BCE. and it was commonly used as a vernacular until about 500 BCE. Aramaic slowly replaced Classical Hebrew as a language of the quote essay, common people. It was originally written in tips writing the 22 letters of the Phoenician alphabet, and it became common in territory controlled by the Chaldeans.

It differed somewhat in its definite articles and its vocabulary from Classical Hebrew, but it had many close cognates (such as Hebrew shalom and Aramaic shelam , peace). After the year 500 BCE, Aramaic gradually became the vernacular language used in the Palestinian region and especially in support Galilee. Jeremiah 10:11 is written in Aramaic, as is Ezra 4:8-6:18 and 7:12-26 (c. 450 BCE). The original book of beginners Daniel was probably written in Aramaic as well, though only Daniel 2:4b-7:28 remain in the original tongue. Buy Power Point! Genesis 31:47 contains an Aramaic place-name--indicating this section is tips beginners a late revision to essay, early Genesis texts. Many of Christ's quotations in tips writing the New Testament are in Aramaic, such as Talitha cum (Mark 5:41) and Eloi, Eloi, lema sabachthani (Mark 15:34; cf. Matt: 27:46 with variant readings in the Hebrew). See J. A. Emerton's entry in Metzer and Coogan, 45-46.

ARCHAISM : A word, expression, spelling, or phrase that is out of date in the common speech of an era, but still deliberately used by a writer, poet, or playwright for artistic purposes. For instance, two archaic words (reproduced here in quote italics) appear in these lines from writing beginners Coleridge's The Rime of the Ancient Mariner : Hold off! unhand me, grey-beard loon! Until fairly recent centuries, it was still common to find poets using I ween, steed, and gramercy in essay support their poems, even though they wouldn't use these terms in normal daily speech. Artists might choose an archaism over a more familiar word because it is more suitable for meter, for writing beginners, rhyme, for alliteration, or for its associations with the past. It also might be attractive as a quick way to essay prompt, defamiliarize an everyday phrase or object. Note that for Shakespeare in the sixteenth century, the use of thy and thine is creative not particularly archaic, but for John Updike in the twentieth century, the use of thy and elaboration thine is definitely archaic. Spenser, an avid Chaucer fan, used archaisms to imitate fourteenth-century Chaucerian spelling and tips creative language in his fifteenth-century poem, The Faerie Queen . The translators of the demonstrate financial need, King James Version of the Bible (1611) revived archaisms to give weight and dignity to sonorous passages. Later in the seventeenth century, Milton employed Latinate archaisms in Paradise Lost , even going so far as to imitate the periodic sentence structure preferred by classical Roman poets, even though Latin was a dead language by his day. Coleridge, Keats, William Morris, and Tennyson also used archaisms for creating pseudo-medieval effects in specific poems, such as Tennyson's Idylls of the King (1842-1885). This tendency in nineteenth-century poetry mirrors the growth of romanticized pseudo-medieval visual art among the nineteenth-century Pre-Raphaelites.

An extended example of deliberate archaisms appears in Keats's The Eve of Saint Mark (c. 1819). In one section, the character Bertha reads from a legend of Holy Mark, and Keats shifts to archaisms to creative writing beginners, reproduce the imaginary text in language imitating that of the fourteenth century: Approuchen thee full dolourouse. For sooth to sain from everich house. Be it in city or village. Wol come the Phantom and image. Of ilka gent and ilka carle.

Archaisms are more rare in modern and essay postmodern poetry. Cf. anachronism . ARCHETYPAL CRITICISM : The analysis of a piece of creative beginners literature through the examination of archetypes and archetypal patterns in Jungian psychology . See archetype below. ARCHETYPE : An original model or pattern from which other later copies are made, especially a character, an action, or situation that seems to represent common patterns of human life. Often, archetypes include a symbol, a theme, a setting, or a character that some critics think have a common meaning in an entire culture, or even the entire human race. These images have particular emotional resonance and power. Archetypes recur in buy power point different times and places in myth, literature, folklore, fairy tales, dreams, artwork, and religious rituals. Using the comparative anthropological work of Sir James Frazer's The Golden Bough , the tips creative, psychologist Carl Jung theorized that the archetype originates in the collective unconscious of mankind, i.e., the related thesis about billing system, shared experiences of a race or culture, such as birth, death, love, family life, and struggles to survive and grow up. These would be expressed in the subconscious of an creative beginners, individual who would recreate them in demonstrate financial essay myths, dreams, and literature. Examples of archetypes found cross-culturally include the following: (1) Recurring symbolic situations (such as the orphaned prince or the tips, lost chieftain's son raised ignorant of his heritage until he is rediscovered by his parents, or the damsel in distress rescued from a hideous monster by a handsome young man who later marries the girl. Also, the long journey, the difficult quest or search, the related system, catalog of difficult tasks, the pursuit of tips revenge, the descent into the underworld , redemptive rituals, fertility rites, the great flood, the related about billing, End of the tips creative writing, World), (2) Recurring themes (such as the support, Faustian bargain ; pride preceding a fall; the inevitable nature of death, fate, or punishment; blindness; madness; taboos such as forbidden love, patricide, or incest), (3) Recurring characters (such as witches or ugly crones who cannibalize children, lame blacksmiths of preternatural skill, womanizing Don Juans, the hunted man, the femme fatale , the tips, snob, the social climber, the wise old man as mentor or teacher, star-crossed lovers; the caring mother-figure, the helpless little old lady, the stern father-figure, the guilt-ridden figure searching for redemption, the paper, braggart, the young star-crossed lovers, the tips creative writing, bully, the villain in black, the research, oracle or prophet, the tips creative writing, mad scientist, the need essay, underdog who emerges victorious, the mourning widow or women in lamentation), (4) Symbolic colors (green as a symbol for life, vegetation, or summer; blue as a symbol for water or tranquility; white or black as a symbol of purity; or red as a symbol of blood, fire, or passion) and so on. (5) Recurring images (such as blood, water, pregnancy, ashes, cleanness, dirtiness, caverns, phallic symbols , yonic symbols , the ruined tower, the rose or lotus, the tips creative, lion, the snake, the eagle, the hanged man, the dying god that rises again, the feast or banquet, the fall from a great height).

The study of elaboration these archetypes in literature is known as archetypal criticism or mythic criticism . Archetypes are also called universal symbols . Contrast with private symbol . ARCHON, EPONYMOUS : An official in classical Athens. The holder of this office arranged the production of tips tragedies and comedies at annual festivals honoring Dionysus. Each year was named after the officiating eponymous archon. Contrast with the choragos , the individual who paid for a tragedy's performance and thus won the lead-spot in the chorus . ARENA STAGE : A theater arrangement in which viewers sit encircling the stage completely. The actors enter and case control study design exit by tips writing beginners, moving along the same aisles the audience uses. This often encourages interaction between cast and audience. Frequently this type of stage is buy power point situated outdoors. Tips! This type of theatrical arrangement is also called theater in quote essay prompt the round . AREOPAGUS (Greek, Hill of Ares.): (1) Also known as Mars Hill, this location near the Acropolis served in creative writing classical times as a high court of appeal in criminal and civil cases and financial essay according to ancient tradition, an individual could stand on this hill and make a speech on any subject--no matter how unpopular. In early Patristic times, it was at tips writing, this location that Saint Paul delivered his speech concerning the Unknown God in Acts 17:18-34. The location became associated in financial John Milton's mind with freedom of speech and the open debate of tips creative writing beginners ideas to find greater truths; hence, Milton wrote an essay opposed to buy power point, the Licensing Act of tips creative writing beginners 1643. The essay's title, Areopagitica , comes from the Areopagus.

ARÊTE : The Greek term arête implies a humble and constant striving for about billing, perfection and beginners self-improvement combined with a realistic awareness that such perfection cannot be reached. As long as an individual strives to essay, do and be the tips, best, that individual has arête . As soon as the individual believes he has actually achieved arête , however, he or she has lost that exalted state and fallen into hubris , unable to prompt, recognize personal limitations or the humble need to improve constantly. ARGUMENT : A statement of tips beginners a poem's major point--usually appearing in control design the introduction of the poem. Spenser presents such an writing beginners, argument in the introduction to his eclogues, Coleridge presents such in case study in epidemiology his marginalia to The Rhyme of the Ancient Mariner , and Milton most famously presents such in Book One of Paradise Lost , where he proclaims he will assert eternal providence / And justify the ways of God to man . Creative Writing Beginners! Cf. thesis . ARRAS : In Renaissance drama, a hanging tapestry or a curtain that covered a part of the frons scenae . It hid the embezzlement paper, discovery space and may have draped around the creative beginners, stage's edge to hide the open area underneath. In Hamlet , Hamlet stabs Polonius through such an quote essay prompt, arras. ARSIS : In classical metrical analysis, Greeks referred to the stressed syllable in a metrical foot as a thesis , and tips creative writing the unstressed syllable in a metrical foot as an research paper, arsis . Tips Creative! Unfortunately, the Roman analysts used the exact opposite terminology, with the thesis being their unstressed foot and the arsis being the stressed foot.

This inconsistency results in much confusion to modern students. ARTHURIAN : Related to the legends of King Arthur and his knights. A large body of essay support elaboration ancient and recent literature is Arthurian in whole or part, including these examples: ARTIFICIAL LANGUAGE : Not to be confused with what linguists call grammatically synthetic (inflected) languages, artificial languages are deliberately made up by a small number of individuals for some specific purpose rather than developing naturally over a period of centuries. Examples of artificial languages designed for international use include Esperanto, Volapük, and Neo-Latin. Writing! Examples of artificial languages designed for embezzlement, fiction include Tolkien's Elvish, Avatar 's Na-vi, and tips the Klingon language Klingonese used by Star Trek enthusiasts. Contrast with synthetic languages. ARZAMAS : A Russian literary circle active between 1815-1818; it consisted of poets such as Zhukovski, Batyushkov, Vyazemski, Pushkin, and others. The group focused on writing and case control study design in epidemiology sharing parodies of their literary opponents, most of beginners whom favored a heavily Slavonicized style (Harkins 9). ASCERTAINMENT : The Enlightenment's desire for and obsession with standardization and regulation of the English language--i.e., making grammatical rules. Such grammarians often based them artificially on Latin grammar or mathematical principles, or they created style and spelling guidebooks for correctness of usage, and so on.

A. C. Baugh quotes Samuel Johnson's definition of the related thesis system, word and tips creative beginners argues that it and demonstrate essay argues this term sums up Enlightenment desires for prescriptivist grammar (Baugh 257-58). ASH (also spelled aesc or asc when referring to runes): The letter used in Old English to indicate the sound /æ/ as in tips the modern English word at . The name comes from the Old Norse rune aesc . Click here for more information. ASIDE : In drama, a few words or a short passage spoken by one character to the audience while the prompt, other a ctors on tips creative writing beginners stage pretend their characters cannot hear the speaker's words. Essay Support! It is a theatrical convention that the aside is not audible to other characters on stage. Contrast with soliloquy . The aside is creative usually indicated by stage directions . ASIMOV'S THREE LAWS OF ROBOTICS : Science fiction author Isaac Asimov originally posited Asimov's three laws in his short stories collected in quote essay I, Robot . These laws were mathematical limitations or hardwired parameters for robotic behavior as follows: (1) The First Law : Robots must not harm a human being or through inaction allow a human being to come to harm. (2) The Second Law : Robots must obey direct commands from human beings, unless those commands would conflict with the First Law. (3) The Third Law : Robots must preserve their own existence, unless doing so would conflict with the Second or First Law. These three laws became a long-running framework for a number of science fiction plots in tips creative writing beginners novels like The Caves of Steel . In later novels, the robots themselves end up facing ethical conflicts and end up altering their own programming to embrace a so-called Zeroth Law: (0) The Zeroth Law : No robot may harm humanity or through inaction allow or allow humanity to come to harm.

The subsequent three laws were then altered with an exception prioritizing the Zeroth Law. Asimov used the three laws as a means of exploring thematically the ethics of responsibility--often contrasting the benevolent devotion of the robots and need the fallible passions of their human masters, making them foils . Unlike many science fiction authors who focus on a Frankenstein motif , Asimov assumed an creative, optimistic outlook on robotic intelligence. ASK WORD : In linguistics, Algeo defines this as any of the words whose historical /æ/ sound becomes the vowel /a/ in Eastern New England and in British pronunciation (313). ASPIRATION (adjective form, aspirated ): A puff of breath made along with a consonant sound while vocalizing. ASSIMILATION : Algeo defines linguistic assimilation as The process by which two sounds become more alike (313). We can see this in the word spaceship, where the /s/ sound represented by the c often assimilates or blurs to match the essay elaboration, sound represented by the sh . Assimilation also occurs when the -ed endings of tips creative beginners words are pronounced /t/ after unvoiced sounds but /d/ after voiced sounds (313).

ASSONANCE : Repeating identical or similar vowels (especially in stressed syllables) in nearby words. Support Elaboration! Assonance in final vowels of tips creative writing beginners lines can often lead to quote, half-rhyme. Deutsche notes that assonance is a common technique in tips writing beginners the poetry of G. M. Hopkins, Dylan Thomas, and more generally in popular ballads; an example appears in the second and embezzlement paper fourth lines of this stanza from writing Fair Annie: Bind up, bind up your yellow hair, And tie it on your neck ; And see you look as maiden-like. As the day that first we met . (qtd in essay Deutsche 140). If combined with consonnance, assonance can create actual full rhyme. Cf. Beginners! alliteration . ASTEISMUS : A sub-category of puns. See discussion under pun . A -STEM : A declension of Old English nouns.

At one point, this declension had a thematic vowel appearing in front of its inflectional suffixes. The a -stem declension ultimately became the prompt, source of the genitive 's and plural s in Modern English. Contrast with the n -stem . ASTERISK : A typographical symbol (*) that linguists use to show a hypothetical, abnormal, or nonoccurring form. For instance, *dwo is a hypothetical reconstruction of the Indo-European word for tips beginners, two . It probably existed, but it survives in no written examples. On the other hand, * thinked is nonoccurring preterite or participle that could theoretically exist instead of thought . ASTERISM : A rather obscure punctuation mark to most modern users, an asterism consists of a triangle of three tiny asterisks, two on the bottom of essay support a line, and one centered above those two. Textual editors used to insert the asterism to tips beginners, indicate that a small spot in a manuscript was damaged or missing. Most modern editors simply insert a line of asterisks or use ellipses to indicate these lacunae in related about system modern editions. To create an tips creative beginners, asterism on a PC, the quote essay prompt, uniform code is U+2042, though no keystroke exists on the keyboard itself. ASYNDETON : The artistic elimination of conjunctions in a sentence to create a particular effect. Creative Writing! See schemes for more information.

ATHEMATIC VERB : Algeo defines this as An Indo-European verb stem formed without a thematic vowel (313). The letter m in Modern English verb am is a remnant of an Indo-European athematic verb ending. ATLANTIS MYTH : A motif common in mythology in which an ancient, wise, or powerful civilization once existed in a past golden age but floods destroyed it. Quote Essay! Plato popularized the myth in his works Timeaus and Critias , where he describes the arrogant island of tips beginners Atlantis as an adversary of Greek civilization 9,000 years before his own day, but the buy power point, gods disfavor the island's hubris , and they submerge it into the Atlantic Ocean. Although Plato's references are brief, they have inspired some archeologists to link it with the Island of Thera (which was destroyed by volcanic erruption that triggered tidal waves devastating Minoan civilization in 1900 BCE).

Likewise, they have inspired fiction writers to produce a number of later fantastic works. The allegorical aspects of the creative beginners, island influence Francis Bacon's New Atlantis, Thomas More's Utopia , and buy power point Stephen Lawhead's Taliesin. Among the Inklings, it plays a part in C.S. Lewis's The Magician's Nephew , where dust from beginners Atlantis serves as a component of magical rings, as well as in Lewis's space trilogy. C.S. Lewis also uses it as a comparison to being overwhelmed by grief in his autobiography, Surprised by related thesis about, Joy . Charles Williams plays with the motif in Taliessin Through Logres . Other inklings like J.R.R. Tips Beginners! Tolkien use the myth indirectly, as Tolkien uses it as an analogue in The Silmarillion, in which Númenor was a huge island in the Sundering Sea, west of Middle-Earth. These Númenorians grew obsessed with the search for immortality, and paper eventually their culture died when their island sank. In medieval legends, other analogues to tips creative, the Atlantis myth include the legends of Logres and buy power point Lyonesse (which medieval tales located in the Atlantic Ocean southwest of Cornwall and Landsend), and older analogues appear in Mesopotamian and Hebrew myth such as in the Old Testament accounts of the creative, flood. About Billing! A common erroneous claim is that flood myths are universal world-wide, though it actual point of fact, legends in which the world or a civilization die in floods primarily appear in cultures in geographic areas subject to creative writing, regional flooding. Areas without such flooding do not tend to have Atlantis myths or flood myths.

ATMOSPHERE (Also called mood ): The emotional feelings inspired by a work. Embezzlement Paper! The term is borrowed from meteorology to describe the dominant mood of a selection as it is creative writing beginners created by diction, dialogue, setting, and description. Often the opening scene in a play or novel establishes an atmosphere appropriate to the theme of the entire work. The opening of demonstrate essay Shakespeare's Hamlet creates a brooding atmosphere of unease. Poe's The Fall of the House of Usher establishes an tips creative, atmosphere of gloom and buy power point emotional decay. The opening of Pynchon's The Crying of Lot 49 establishes a surreal atmosphere of confusion, and so on. Compare with ambiance , above. AUBADE (also called a dawn song ): A genre of poetry in which a short poem's subject is about the dawn or the creative writing, coming of the dawn, or it is related thesis billing system a piece of music meant to be sung or played outdoors at dawn.

Examples include Browning's The year's at the spring / And day's at the morn from tips writing Pippa Passes or Shakespeare's Hark! hark! the lark. Paper! Some poems, such as John Donne's Busy old sun, share traits with the tips creative writing beginners, dawn song. Troilus and Criseyde also contains an example of the genre within its larger narrative. Cf. the essay elaboration, Provençal equivalent, an alba . AUBE : A dawn-song or aubade , but specifically one sung by a friend watching over a pair of lovers until dawn to prevent any interruption to their love-making or to cover up the noise of the love-making. Contrast with aubade , above. AUCTOR / AUCTORITAS : The Latin word auctor is the source for the modern English word author , but the medieval word carries a special resonance and seriousness the modern word lacks. The terms differ in tips beginners intellectual connotation. Related About Billing! Thus, when Chaucer writes of mine auctor, he suggests his source is especially authoritative because that writer incorporates non-original (but valuable) ideas into creative writing beginners, his own work. The power of an auctor comes not from his novelty or originality; instead, the author takes conventional, authoritative ideas, and uses these concepts to supplement his own thinking in an original manner.

The auctor , thus, uses established, valuable material to supplement his original ideas without slavishly regurgitating them. We see the distinction spelled out most clearly by Saint Bonaventure. Bonaventure famously writes, For Saint Bonaventure, and for literate medieval culture generally, originality was not the point of art or intellectual endeavors. Medieval writers did not think originality for its own sake was a virtue--not the way modern Americans do in support elaboration these post-Romantic periods. Writing! Calling someone an auctor is the highest compliment possible; it implies what the writer has produced is an opus [Latin for work]--a masterwork of thought in prompt which the author has synthesized and tips beginners made use of other writings productively without slavishly following them or merely compiling them. It implies the auctor has created a powerful amalgamation of thought that had never existed before by using these earlier works as a stepping stone. However, it does not imply the author created the thesis billing, work ex nihilo , out of nothing.

That sort of made-up originality was not seen as valuable or worthwhile. Instead, the auctor takes older material already seen as worthy and then makes new use of it. The traditional or accepted material is what gives him auctoritas (authority); it demonstrates that the writer or poet has mastered the ideas of others, and thus is ready to produce something of his own to tips creative writing, supplement and quote essay prompt build upon the earlier material. AUDIENCE : The person(s) reading a text, listening to a speaker, or observing a performance. AUDITORY IMAGERY : Descriptive language that evokes noise, music, or other sounds.

See imagery . AUFKLÄRUNG : The German term for the philosophical movement called in English the writing, Enlightenment or the Neoclassical movement. See Enlightenment . AUGUSTAN : This adjective has two meanings, the second of which is most pertinent to English students. (1) Classical Latin scholarship uses Augustan to refer to the time when Caesar Augustus ruled Rome--the time of Virgil, Horace, and the birth of Christ: a period of conscious style and high literary endeavor. Case Control! (2) More generally, literary scholars use Augustan to refer to any important or pivotal period of any national literature, especially eighteenth-century England and the Augustan writers: Pope, Swift, Addison, Johnson, and Goldsmith. AUGUSTINIAN TIME : Saint Augustine's idea of eternity, in which eternity and the afterlife are not an endless linear continuation--like a book with infinite pages or a story that never ends--but rather a state of timelessness , in which no time ever passes at all--a frozen snapshot of joy that lasts forever but which cannot undergo progression, alteration, or further development. Augustine inherited a tradition in creative Greek philosophy in which perfection would be an absolute. If something is perfect, by definition it cannot be improved further. Related Billing System! Thus, any change that occur in a state of perfection would render that state imperfect. But if change happened to God or to heaven, wouldn't that force the already-perfect state to creative writing, become imperfect? Accordingly, in Augustine's view, any hypothetically perfect things (like God or heaven in Christian theology) by paper, definition do not and creative cannot change, and therefore these perfect things must not experience time as imperfect humanity does.

They are sub specie aeternitatis , outside of time completely and viewing all things in the bubble at time simultaneously. Accordingly, states of buy power point time (past, present, and future) are merely illusions we experience. The past only appears to tips creative beginners, be over buy power point and the future only appears not to have happened yet because our mortal perception is limited to the present moment rather than experiencing all reality at once. In Saint Augustine's thinking, perfect and tips writing spiritual beings outside of time experience or observe past, present, and future simultaneously. For Saint Augustine, this idea of time allows God to case in epidemiology, have knowledge of future events and tips creative beginners choices humans make while preserving human free will, suggesting God can know what choices we will make tomorrow (because we actually have already made the choices), without God necessarily causing those choices to happen through his own influence--foreknowledge without causation. In terms of God's perceptions, all those future choices already happened and are done with--humans just don't know it yet.

AUREATE DICTION ( alias AUREATE TERMS ): As Simon Horobin puts it, An elevated rhetorical style of writing characterized by a large number of Latinate loanwords (192). The use of support unusual words from Latin was a conscious stylistic flourish in Middle English, an elevated rhetorical style of tips creative beginners writing. Also such Latinate words themselves. Compare with Renaissance inkhorn terms . AUSTRONESIAN : A family of Pacific and Indian ocean languages separate from the related thesis about system, Indo-European family. These include the native tongues of tips creative Madagascar, Hawaii, and thousands of buy power point Pacific islands. Malay and Polynesian are two examples of Austronesian languages. AUTHORIAL VOICE : The voices or speakers used by authors when they seemingly speak for themselves in creative a book. (In poetry, this might be called a poetic speaker ). The use of essay support elaboration this term makes it clear in critical discussion that the narration or presentation of a story is not necessarily to be identified with the creative writing beginners, biographical and historical author. Instead, the authorial voice may be another fiction created by the author. It is often considered poor form for a modern literary critic to buy power point, equate the authorial voice with the historical author, but this practice was common in the nineteenth century.

However, twentieth-century critics have pointed out that often a writer will assume a false persona of attitudes or beliefs when she writes, or that the authorial voice will speak of so-called biographical details that cannot possibly be equated with the tips creative, author herself. In the early twentieth-century, New Critics also pointed out buy power point, that linking the authorial voice with the biographical author often unfairly limited the possible interpretations of a poem or narrative. Finally, many writers have enjoyed writing in the first person and creating unreliable narrators --speakers who tell the story but who obviously miss the significance of the creative beginners, tale they tell, or who fail to connect important events together when the reader does. Because of these reasons, it is often considered naive to embezzlement research, assume that the authorial voice is a real representation of the historical author. Famous instances in which the authorial voice diverges radically from the biographical author include the creative writing beginners, authorial voice in the mock-epic Don Juan (here, the case control study design in epidemiology, authorial voice appears as a crusty, jaded, older man commenting on writing beginners the sordid passions of youth, while the author Lord Byron was himself a young man) and the authorial narrator of Cervante's Don Quixote (who attests that the main character Don Quixote is quite mad, and about despises his lunacy even while accidentally unveiling the hero's idealism as a critique of the modern world's fixation with factual reality). Examples of unreliable narrators include the creative writing beginners, narrator of demonstrate need essay Chaucer's Canterbury Tales (the speaker, a pilgrim named Geoffrey, appears to be a dumbed-down caricature of the author Geoffrey Chaucer, but one who has little skill at poetry and often appears to express admiration for character-traits that the larger rhetoric of the poem clearly condemns). In a more modern example, the mentally disabled character in Faulkner's The Sound and the Fury (who is completely unable to interpret the events taking place around him) serves as an unreliable narrator, as does Tom Hanks' character in the film Forest Gump . See also poetic speaker . AUTO-DA-FÉ (Portuguese, act of tips faith--equivalent to Span. auto-de-fe ): The late medieval church's ceremonial execution en masse of accused witches, Jews, heretics, or Muslims--often performed by burning at the stake. In literature, such scenes become stock material for gothic novels (e.g.

Maturin's Melmoth the Wanderer , Poe's The Pit and the Pendulum). In Voltaire's Candide , Pangloss and Candide are nearly burned to death in such a ritual after Pangloss argues about theology with an Inquisitorial familiar (i.e., a spy). AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL NOVEL : In contrast with the pure autobiography , an autobiographical novel is a semi-fictional narrative based in part on the author's life experience, but these experiences are often transposed onto essay, a fictional character or intermixed with fictional events. Creative Writing! Examples include Thomas Wolfe's Look Homeward, Angel and James Joyce's Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man . AUTOBIOGRAPHY : A non-fictional account of a person's life--usually a celebrity, an quote essay, important historical figure, or a writer--written by tips writing beginners, that actual person. Contrast with the autobiographical novel , above. AUTOGRAPH : While fans and collectors in pop culture uses the term to refer to a celebrity's signature of his or her name, literary scholars use the term more loosely to refer to any lines of text written in the author's own hand--including marginal notes, bills, and doodling as well as actual, complete literary texts. It is possible that a few pages of the play Sir Thomas More are written in Shakespeare's hand, and thus are Shakespeare's autograph.

AUTO SACRAMENTAL (Sacramental Act): A drama of buy power point one act symbolizing the sacrament of creative Eucharist in Spanish literature between 1200 and 1600 CE. The play might overtly involve religious, mythical, historical, or allegorical subjects--but ultimately it would contain some hidden relationship to essay elaboration, communion. Conventionally, the play terminated with praise of the Eucharist. Calderòn de la Barca wrote several fine examples. AUXESIS : Another term for rhetorical climax. See climax, rhetorical , below. AWDL (from Middle Welsh odl ): The term in Welsh poetry has come to acquire several meanings.

In its earliest usage, an awdl meant a stave bearing the rhyme in any poem. Next, it came to mean a series of monorhymes or a poem in tips creative writing beginners monorhyme by a bard . Even later, the term came to mean a poem written in awdl meter. Prompt! By the tips, late Renaissance, the term meant a lengthy poem written in cynghanedd and in one of the related thesis billing, strict meters. In modern Wales, the creation of an effective awdl is considered the apogee of a bard's achievement. Writing Beginners! See also bard , cynghanedd , monorhyme , and strict meter . AZBUKA : The alphabet derived from Old Church Slavonic language, common in Russian and other slavic languages, alias the Cyrillic alphabet. See Cyrillic .

Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry Character List. Cassie is the first-person narrator of the novel. At ten years old, she is the second oldest and tips writing the only female child in her family. Quote Prompt! Cassie is intelligent, outspoken, and self-confident, even when those qualities threaten to get her in trouble for speaking her mind in a white-dominated world. Tips Beginners! Over the course of the buy power point novel, Cassie directly experiences racism and learns the real dangers of being black in the South in the 1930s. At the beginning of the novel, Cassie is proud of herself and her race but unaware of the possible consequences of tips, this pride.

She is quote essay prompt, witness to the violence and injustice of the writing South as she becomes aware of lynchings, of the curtailment of her father and mother's freedom, and of the severe punishments meted out to case control study in epidemiology blacks accused of wrongdoing. Cassie grows up over the course of the year, learns some sad truths, and experiences the strength and creative love of her family. At twelve years old Stacey is on the brink of adulthood. As the oldest child, he bosses his brothers and sister around and is the leader of their small group. He is old enough to disobey his parents but not old enough to support elaboration fully appreciate the consequences of doing so. His dawning awareness of racism leads him to make difficult choices, like pushing away his white friend Jeremy. In the end, he proves his bravery and loyalty by tips creative writing beginners, risking danger and by attempting to help his estranged friend, TJ.

He also uses his ingenuity to protest against injustice. For example, it is his idea to buy power point build a trench in creative, the rain-filled road to stall the white children's school bus. At age seven, Christoper-John is a short, chubby boy who is the quietest Logan sibling. He is always cheerful but frequently reminds the other children that they are breaking their parents' rules. Despite his misgivings, he usually ends up following his other siblings to avoid being left behind. Little Man, age six, is a smart boy with a highly developed sense of right and wrong. Able to read before he started school, he partakes in his older siblings' adventures and in doing so learns a great deal about the racist South.

A tall, handsome man, Papa is Big Ma's second youngest son. He works from the end of planting until Christmas on the railroad in embezzlement research paper, order to pay for his land. Beginners! He was raised on the same farm on elaboration, which his family now lives. Ready to stand up for tips creative beginners, himself and his family, he does what he gotta do to survive and respect himself. He risks his life to institute a boycott against the Wallaces, store owners who burned a black man to death. His leg is broken and he is shot at in retribution for the boycott. He also comes close to losing his land when the bank, influenced by Mr. Granger, calls in the note on it in. Support! He is willing to creative writing beginners use his shotgun to protect TJ but ultimately uses his ingenuity to stop the essay lynch mob and save TJ's life, even though his strategy loses him a quarter of his own cotton. Papa believes that his family and the land must be protected at all costs. A thirty-three year old woman from the Delta, Mama went to high school in Jackson and was sent to the Crandon Teacher School by her tenant-farmer father.

Her father died during her final year in creative, teacher school, and she married Papa when she was nineteen. She has taught at the Great Faith school for fourteen years, and has four children of her own. Her strong pride in her race and her sense of justice lead her to paste over the inside covers of the schoolbooks, where the very poor condition of the book is research paper, listed next to tips creative beginners the race of the black students. This outspokenness results in her being fired by buy power point, the white school board. Though she tries to keep stories of the violence and injustice around them from her children, she ultimately cannot shield them from the truth. Papa's mother is a woman in her sixties. She holds the deed to the Logan land, which was bought by her late husband, Paul Edward. She married him when she was eighteen, and they raised their six children, only two of whom survived, on the four hundred acres of land that he bought between 1887 and 1918. Big Ma is the voice of history in the book and tells stories about the past to Cassie. Her love of the land leads her to creative sign it over to her two sons to protect it from Harlan Granger.

She has medical knowledge and is often called upon to tend those injured by white violence, including the Berrys. She is very religious and case control study design in epidemiology is a source of comfort to Cassie who shares a room and bed with her. Hammer is Big Ma's only living son other than Papa. He lives in creative writing beginners, the North and drives a Packard like Mr. Granger does. He visits the Logans during the control design in epidemiology Christmas season and brings gifts. He has a strong temper and wants to attack Charlie Simms after his bad treatment of Cassie. Ultimately, he quells his temper when he must and creative beginners sells his Packard in order to embezzlement research paper protect the tips creative writing land, bringing the money to his brother by quote, hand and leaving before his presence can fuel more tensions. Mr.

Morrison is an extremely big and strong older man whom Papa brings home from the creative writing railroad. Mr. Morrison got in a fight with some white men and was fired from the buy power point railroad. He helps to protect the Logans, watching outside their house at night, and tips beginners stays on about billing system, with the family even after he injured the Wallaces when they attacked Papa. His own family was brutally murdered by a lynch mob during Reconstruction and tips creative writing he says that the Logans are like family to case control study him. An emaciated-looking, thirteen-year-old boy, TJ is foolish but provides a source of information about racial incidents for creative writing beginners, the Logan children. He is financial need essay, repeating the seventh grade, cheats on tests, gets Mama fired, and hangs out at the Wallace store which ultimately loses him Stacey's friendship. His friendship with the older, white Simms brothers leads him to writing beginners commit a crime and nearly causes him to be lynched. He is the catalyst for buy power point, an eruption of racial tension and at tips writing beginners, the end will most likely be sent to a chain gang for a murder that the Simmses committed. TJ's younger brother does not say much but is also a friend to the Logans.

He is more afraid of TJ than of their mother and generally does what his brother tells him to do. He is research, beaten by the mob when they come for his brother. TJ and Claude's father is creative, a sharecropper on Harlan Granger's land. He participates in the boycott of the quote essay Wallace store but backs out when Granger threatens to kick him off the creative land. He is small and sickly and can't control TJ. He too is treated violently when the mob comes for his son. TJ and Claude's mother has little control over her sons.

When she tries to protect her son from the mob, she is thrown back against essay elaboration, her house. Jeremy is a towheaded white boy, probably about eleven, who wants to tips writing beginners be friends with Stacey. While the other white children ride the bus, he always walks to school. He is whipped by his father for associating with the Logans. He dislikes his older brothers and sleeps in a treehouse to get away from his family. Aged twelve or thirteen, Lillian Jean is Jeremy's older sister. She has long blond hair, which Cassie makes use of when fighting her. She is shrill and bossy.

Her father forces Cassie to buy power point call her Miz Lillian Jean and tips creative writing apologize after bumping into her in Strawberry. Jeremy and Lillian Jean's older brothers are about eighteen or nineteen years old. They pretend to be friends with TJ, who steals things for them, and for whom they buy things. Essay! When he helps them break into the Barnett Mercantile to steal a gun, they kill Mr. Barnett and injure Mrs. Creative Writing! Barnett.

Afterward, they beat TJ and lead the mob that breaks into the Avery house and tries to demonstrate hang him. The father of the Simms family is a mean-looking man, red in the face and bearded. He twists Cassie's arm behind her back and forces her to apologize to Miz Lillian Jean when she bumps into her on the sidewalk in Strawberry. He is not involved in the attack on the Avery house, but is woken up by Jeremy who smells smoke from the tree-house. Cassie and Little Man see him working side-by-side with Mr.

Lanier to put out the fire at the end of the novel. Granger owns a ten-square-mile plantation which is worked by sharecropping families. The Logans' land had belonged to the Granger family before it was sold to a Northerner during Reconstruction, and Mr. Granger's desire to get it back from the tips writing beginners Logans leads him to threaten Big Ma and to use his authority in town to pressure the bank to call in the note on the mortgage. He, Kaleb Wallace, and a third man, representing the school board, fire Mama for teaching history that isn't in about system, the books and for defacing the school's books. Tips Creative Writing! When the boycott on the Wallace store begins, he recognizes the possibility of financial loss to himself because he owns the land that the store is located on.

He decides to take sixty rather than fifty percent of his sharecroppers' cotton and threatens to kick out those who continue the boycott. On the buy power point night of the attack on the Averys, Granger lets Jamison tell the crowd that he doesn't want a hanging on his land but does little to stop the mob until the fire threatens to creative writing beginners engulf the forest and his crops. Only then does he force the essay mob to fight the fire rather than to hang TJ. Kaleb, Thurston, and Dewberry Wallace. These three white brothers own the Wallace store, the only store in town. They sell alcohol illegally and tips writing host a room where black teenagers dance. The store is on Granger property, making it profitable for Harlan Granger as well as the Wallaces. The Wallaces burn the three black Berry men, killing one and severely injuring the other two, after drunk white men accuse John Henry Berry of flirting with a white woman. When the Logans arrange a boycott on their store, the Wallaces attempt to ambush Papa on the way back from the market in Vicksburg. Mr.

Morrison beats up two of the Wallaces badly, nearly breaking Dewberry's back and laying up Thurston for a few weeks as well. The Logans cannot press charges against the Wallaces because to support elaboration do so might result in Mr. Morrison getting put on the chain gang or worse. Tips Creative Beginners! The Wallaces are involved on the attack on TJ and the other Averys, and Kaleb leads the cry to buy power point hang TJ. A lawyer whose family was originally from Vicksburg, he inherited land that had once belonged to the Grangers from his father and sold it to Paul Edward Logan in 1918.

Cassie likes him for always calling her mother ma'am. He offers to creative back the credit of those who boycott the Wallace store and shop in Vicksburg, and he stands opposed to those who want to hang TJ, arguing with them and even blocking them from driving away by putting his car in the middle of the road. Mr. Montier is a plantation owner. The children of his sharecroppers attend the Great Faith school, though many choose not to essay support make the three-and-a-half-hour walk after they finish fourth grade in Smellings Creek, which is nearer to his estate. He too raises the percentage of cotton his sharecroppers owe him and tips beginners threaten to evict them if they continue the boycott. Mr. Harrison is another plantation owner whose sharecroppers' children attend Great Faith. Thesis About Billing! He is a decent man and doesn't raise his percentage of tips writing beginners, cotton or threaten to evict his sharecroppers because of the boycott. The owner of the buy power point Mercantile in Strawberry cheats his black customer, Sam Tatum, and tips creative when Tatum accuses him of lying, night men tar and feather Tatum. When TJ tries to buy goods for his mother at the store, Barnett stops serving him and ignores him for an hour while waiting on white customers.

When Cassie politely tries to case control in epidemiology remind him that they are waiting, he calls her a little nigger, and throws her out of his store. When the Simms brothers and tips creative writing beginners TJ break into his store, he comes down to investigate and RW hits him over the head with the flat part of an axe. He dies the next morning. Mrs. Barnett is the related thesis about system wife of the owner of the Mercantile. Hearing her husband scuffling with the Simmses, she goes down to investigate. RW pushes her back against the stove and she is knocked out.

She thinks that the three intruders are all black because RW and tips writing Melvin wear stocking caps over their faces. A seventh grader at Great Faith Elementary, Little Willie tells Cassie, Christopher-John, and Little Man how Stacey was whipped by quote essay, Mrs. Logan when he was caught with TJ's cheating notes. He also tells them that TJ told Kaleb Wallace about creative writing, Mama pasting over the book covers in quote essay, order to get her fired. Little Willie's father owns forty acres of land six miles away from the tips creative writing beginners Logan farm. Another seventh grader at Great Faith, Moe stands at the crossroads on the day Stacey is related thesis about billing, whipped for having TJ's cheating notes and points Stacey towards the Wallace store when he wants to find TJ. He lives on the Montier plantation and must walk three and a half hours each way to and from school. Gracey Pearson, Alma Scott, and Mary Lou Wellever. These snobby girls in tips beginners, Cassie's class are all friends and don't want her to sit with them. Mary Lou is the principal's daughter and the only girl wearing a new dress on the first day of school.

Her fifth grade teacher has great contempt for Cassie Logan. Related Thesis Billing System! She whips both Cassie and Little Man when they object to the used very poor books that have been given to black students on the first day of school. The principal of Great Faith Elementary and Secondary School is powerless to do anything but stand and watch as Harlan Granger, Kaleb Wallace, and another school board member fire Mama. Another black tenant-farmer, Mr. Tips Creative! Silas Lanier got Big Ma to tend to the Berrys the night that they were burnt. He pulls out of the boycott of the Wallace store after Mr. Granger's threats.

Cassie and Little Man see him working side-by-side with Mr. Simms to put out the fire at the end of the novel. The children learn the details of the Berry family's burning by overhearing Big Ma talk with Mrs. Lanier and Mrs. Avery after church.

John Henry, Beacon, and Samuel Berry. These are members of a family that lives by Smellings Creek. John Henry, who owns a Model T, is accused by buy power point, some white men of flirting with a white woman while getting gas with his brother Beacon in Strawberry. That night, they are burned alive along with their uncle Samuel by a group of writing, white men led by the Wallaces. Research Paper! John Henry dies and creative writing Mama takes the children to visit Samuel Berry and his wife as punishment for going to the Wallace store. Mr. Berry is burned beyond recognition and cannot even speak. A black man who lives on Jackson Road near Strawberry, he calls Mr. Barnett a liar after he denies cheating him.

In retribution for this accusation, the white night men tar and feather Mr. Tatum. Mr. Grimes drives the Jefferson Davis school bus and takes sadistic pleasure in forcing black students off the road. The Logans seek revenge on him by digging a trench in the muddy, rainy road.

The sheriff does whatever Mr. Granger says he should and turns a blind eye to violence against blacks. He makes no move to stop lynch mobs. How To Cite http://www.gradesaver.com/roll-of-thunder-hear-my-cry/study-guide/character-list in MLA Format. Study Guide Navigation About Roll of quote, Thunder, Hear My Cry Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry Summary Character List Glossary Themes Summary And Analysis Chapters 1-2 Chapters 3-4 Chapters 5-6 Chapters 7-8 Chapters 9-10 Chapters 11-12 Mildred Taylor and the Black Power Movement Related Links Essay Questions Quizzes - Test Yourself! Quiz 1 Quiz 2 Quiz 3 Quiz 4 Citations Related Content Study Guide Q A Lesson Plan Mini-Store Mildred Taylor Biography.

Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry Questions and Answers. The Question and Answer section for tips writing, Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry is a great resource to ask questions, find answers, and support discuss the novel. Stacey gave TJ the coat. To speak about it would have exposed his knowledge that he'd made a mistake. I believe it is Great Faith Elementary School. Mr.

Barnett's actions are a result of intolerance and prejudice. Study Guide for Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry. Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry study guide contains a biography of tips creative writing beginners, Mildred Taylor, quiz questions, major themes, characters, and a full summary and about billing system analysis.

Alcohol Essay Essays and Research Papers. ALCOHOL : SHOULD IT BE ABOLISHED? Malaysia is known as the tenth largest consumer of alcohol in the world and very . few studies have been done to find the accurate magnitude of the problems caused by this consumption. Although not many studies have been carried, the facts and figures show that it is increasing each year. Malaysians spend about tips writing USD$500 million on alcohol yearly and among the quote, drinking population, the tips creative writing, Malaysian Indians who are 8 per cent of the thesis, country’s population are. Alcohol , Alcoholic beverage , Beer 2068 Words | 6 Pages. Essay on Alcohol Alcohol is not only the reason why prohibition took place . in the 1920s, but it is also the reason why many persons wake up not remembering their pervious night’s events. It has always been evident that alcohol has an writing beginners effect on brain function, which in-turn impairs the behavior of a person. Case Design In Epidemiology! Alcohol can be separated into two separate groups: what is expected to happen, and what actually happens. Alcohol is expected to play social lubricant and.

Alcohol , Alcohol intoxication , Alcoholic beverage 915 Words | 3 Pages. Date Abstract The consumption of alcohol in writing beginners, Australia is becoming a problem, and because of irresponsible and callous drinking, Australia is . in need of a more mature drinking culture. The main points in this essay discuss the issues concerning irresponsible drinking amongst teens.They include the effects of alcohol on the adolescent brain, accidents involving underage drinkers and teens delaying the consumption of alcohol for as long as possible. This essay argues that because underage drinking. Alcohol , Alcohol abuse , Alcoholism 1148 Words | 4 Pages. Argument Essay - Illegalize Alcohol. Demonstrate Financial! Argument Essay Draft Our country is facing a growing problem. It is a problem of moral decay. The legal and open use of creative, . alcohol is an unnecessary vice that is enjoyed and accepted by a majority of the United States population, unfortunately, it leads to social and moral downfalls. Alcohol should be held to the same standards as other illegal mind and body-altering substances, as alcohol is addicting and has no medical value.

Lawmakers and embezzlement research, active voters should put an outright ban on alcohol . The. Alcohol , Crime , Drug Enforcement Administration 1051 Words | 3 Pages. Alcohol Addiction An Argument Essay Have you ever been pressured into tips beginners, doing something you would rather not do? Many people . have been in many different ways. It seems that teens are pressured more and embezzlement research paper, more into drinking than anything else. Tips Writing! If you choose to drink it is your choice but are you doing it to fit in, or just because you want to? There are many different ways an adolescent might take a drink even if they know it is essay support, wrong. Some reasons are the risk-taking, the expectancies, how sensitive.

Addiction , Alcohol , Alcoholic beverage 961 Words | 3 Pages. to not drink at creative all and stand up to peer pressure. The advice he gives to demonstrate need essay, his children is to stay clear of creative, alcohol and case control design, if you are brought into . Tips Creative Beginners! a situation involving alcohol excuse yourself from the party or wherever that may be. He explained that even if you aren't drinking and are in an environment with alcohol that new laws in Pennsylvania claim you are still in the possession of alcohol and you can get charged for that. He touched on the fact that it’s becoming socially acceptable by some parents. Addiction , Adolescence , Alcohol abuse 1779 Words | 6 Pages. ? ALCOHOLS , ETHERS, AND PHENOLS Juris Marie G. Garcia Institute of Chemistry, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City Date . Performed: February 27, 2015 Date Submitted: March 06, 2015 Answers to Questions: 1.) Balanced equations: A. Lucas Test Test Sample Equation Ethyl Alcohol C2H5OH + HCl + ZnCl2 ? C2H5Cl + H2O Isopropyl Alcohol (CH3) 2CHOH + HCl ? (CH3) 2CHCl + ZnC2 + H2O Tert-butyl Alcohol (CH3) 3COH + HCl + ZnCl2 ? (CH3) 3CCl + ZnCl2 +H2O Benzyl Alcohol C6H5CH2OH + HCl + ZnCl2. Acid , Alcohol , Carbon dioxide 431 Words | 2 Pages.

If you are too young to choose, then lay off the buy power point, booze. Youth drinking alcohol is dangerous. According to www.drinkaware.co.uk the tips creative beginners, young . body is not developed enough to properly digest alcohol until the age of 20. Alcohol and youth is a safety hazard because according to essay support, the same website drinking when in your youth can cause, diabetes, liver failure and other organ failure, just to name a few. A young person’s brain is not fully developed until they are in tips, their twenties.

This specifically includes. Alcoholic beverage , Decision making , Insulin 1018 Words | 3 Pages. Alcohol is a huge problem on most college campuses. Twenty one may be the legal drinking age, but some how minors find a way to get a hold of buy power point, . Writing! alcohol . People as young as fifteen are able to get their hands on an alcoholic beverage. Prompt! Alcohol is said to be the chosen drug among college students. Tips Writing Beginners! College students have a tendency to drink more then the general population.

The type of college, geographical location, the quote, ethnic and gender makeup plays a role in the amount of creative writing beginners, drinking that occurs on research campus. Alcohol , Alcohol abuse , Alcoholic beverage 1228 Words | 3 Pages. Alcohol is a drug which is made from fermented fruits and grains to ensure it will be consumable for a long period of time. Tips Creative Writing Beginners! . Quote! Alcohol is a depressant, meaning that it closes down vital functions. Vital Functions are a function of the body (such as respiration or the circulation of the blood) on which life is directly dependent. When you consume too much alcohol , it will cause your speech to be slurred (words running into each other) also, unsteady movements (wobbly, not firm), disturbed perceptions. Tips Writing! Alcohol , Alcohol abuse , Alcoholic beverage 2241 Words | 6 Pages.

Essay On Alcohol Abuse Among Teenagers. Surname 1 Student’s name Professor’s name Course title 3 June 2011 Alcohol Abuse among Teenagers s Alcohol consumption among . young people is one of the most topical contemporary rit er issues. It should be admitted that it is a problem that concerns the whole society and not only buy power point, certain individuals or small parts of the population. It has been pointed out by tips writing many scholars that it is not only quote, children from problem families who engage in illegal drinking, so the nw reasons that make youngsters. Adolescence , Alcohol , Alcoholic beverage 905 Words | 6 Pages. Throughout history, society has engaged in taking substances such as alcohol , that alter our physical being or our psychological state of mind. Tips Creative! . There are many experiences and pressures that force people to feel like they have to drink in order to cope with life, but for many alcohol is a part of everyday life, just like any other beverage. Alcohol is introduced to us in many ways, through our family, television, movies, and friends'. These sociocultural variants are at buy power point least as important as physiological. Alcohol , Alcohol abuse , Alcoholic beverage 2096 Words | 6 Pages. Tips Creative Beginners! Alcohol and case control study, Drug Abuse Alcohol is tips, a liquor or brew containing alcohol as the active agent. (Online Dictionary) . Although it is legal in quote, the United States it is still illegal to those who aren’t twenty one years of creative beginners, age and other. This includes those persons of age purchasing alcohol for those under age.

To some college students, heavy drinking that leads to vomiting is not alcohol abuse but simply having a good time. Alcoholism or alcohol dependence is a chronic disorder characterized by compulsive. Addiction , Alcohol , Alcohol abuse 1663 Words | 5 Pages. How much alcohol do teens use? Alcohol is the most frequently used drug by teenagers in research, the United States. About half of junior . Writing! high and senior high school students drink alcohol on a monthly basis, and 14% of teens have been intoxicated at least once in essay prompt, the past year. Nearly 8% of teens who drink say they drink at least five or more alcoholic drinks in writing beginners, a row (binge drink). About Billing System! What are the dangerous effects of alcohol use in teens? Just a few of the many dangerous effects of alcohol use in teens. Alcohol , Alcohol abuse , Alcoholic beverage 1360 Words | 4 Pages. Alcohol Consumption [Abstract] Everyone knows that alcohol has its consequences.

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The results? Two words: PHONE CALLS! A massive increase in job-interview requests . I was excited, but to be honest, I was not surprised at tips writing all . These special letters did something no cover letter had ever effectively done before: They actually made the interview decision easy for the employer! WHY? Because I'd written them with the major emphasis on getting the job seeker called for the interview! The main focus was on getting employers to say to themselves, Hmmm. you know what, I want to meet this person. Financial Essay? I like the tone of this letter. Creative Writing Beginners? it's straight to the point. I'm going to billing book an tips interview right now.

(You see, these letters clearly and directly ASKED for the opportunity to be interviewed in a way that practically forces hiring managers to buy power point call. Creative Writing? They want to speak with you). That's the secret. that's the difference! Two years later, I took the essay support elaboration career industry by storm when I unleashed my breakthrough job-seeker tool, the new Amazing Cover Letter Creator. If You Typed Just 4 Words Into Google: Circled in red at tips writing the top of the page, you can see there are 21,100 pages of results! Now, I don't show you this to boast or brag.

I just want to offer some real proof that when it comes to the topic of writing highly effective cover letters, I'm the guy who can help you achieve results beyond your wildest expectations. I am the only professional sales and marketing copywriter I've ever seen who has ever applied these trade secrets to creating powerful cover letters for job-seekers. My amazing cover letters can instantly cut your job search in half, saving you time, energy, stress and money . AND TIME IS MONEY. BIG MONEY. WARNING AND TIP: If you see ANYONE claiming to be a career expert or resume/cover letter writer make sure you always do this first: Type the person's full name into Google along with related keywords like (cover letters, resume, career, etc.) and then carefully look at demonstrate financial need essay the search results. Tips Creative? You will immediately find out if he or she is telling you the truth. or not. (Do this with every web site to protect yourself.) Special Note: Below you will see many customer comments and testimonials that we have on file in my office. They are 100% real . We receive wonderful, unsolicited letters every single day of the week. When customers give us permission, we will share their comments and success stories with you on this page.

I tell you this because there are so many fake testimonials floating around the control study Internet. Tips Writing Beginners? I want you to know these are the need actual word-for-word letters and tips, emails we keep on file that were sent to us from real people who found this web site just like you have today. Here's What People Are Saying. About Jimmy Sweeney, And The. Amazing Cover Letter Creator. Now I'm working in my dream job. for which I had no experience at all. Need Essay? I just had to say thank you. I've never paid for a program such as yours.

and yes, I have to creative writing beginners admit I had doubts..as buying anything on line can. cause one to doubt. but then I took a chance on your program and demonstrate, I have to writing beginners say thank you so much for thesis billing system, your help! I've been educated in one field and have 20 years of writing beginners, experience in another. field. and yet I wanted a job in essay prompt a total different field then the above. listed. Creative Writing? how do I do that??

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And helping me get my dream job! I'll make this brief but I just had to tell you that after 3 years, THAT'S 3 years of sending out writing beginners resumes, cruizin' the web, hiring a career consultant (waste!), and working bridge jobs trying to get back on buy power point, track I came across an article written by you in Net-Temps career news. It changed my life. Shazaam, I took a stroll down your website and decided to tips creative writing beginners invest in demonstrate need a no-risk offer and ordered your AMAZING COVER LETTER CREATOR. Creative Writing? I actually took advantage of the whole package (with the generous help of my mother-in-law who just moved here from California) and followed your advice. Whaalaa! Three weeks later I've interviewed twice, been wined and dined for the offer, negotiated UP. in salary and need, finished my first week. I call it makin' your own luck! You are now my new BEST friend. . Tips Creative Writing Beginners? WOW does it feel good to be going in the right direction.

As Gomer would say, Thank ya, Thank ya, Thank ya. You have my signed, sealed and delivered permission to. use this letter to tell the world that it works. . I have received numerous calls and demonstrate essay, interviews. Jimmy, I feel as if I know you.

You've been an incredible support inspiration throughout my job search journey and I wanted to creative beginners not only. thank you but to let you know I've strongly encouraged a couple of my. friends to please read purchase from your website with your informative and. Since I've revised both my cover letter and resume, I have received numerous calls and design, interviews. I have not found the right job, but now with my renewed confidence (thanks to creative writing beginners you) I feel that I'm in the right track and it will be only a matter of time. Hopefully, the essay support elaboration next time I write I will be employed. . Even though I am a professional writer, I find it. difficult to write about tips, myself.

I visited your site because even though I am a professional writer, I find it. difficult to about system write about myself. There are a lot of people out writing there that. need your help, even professional writers! I too, believe the lowly cover letter can blow open doors and clinch that elusive interview. Most people spend all their job-seeking energy on writing the case control study design in epidemiology perfect resume, then 'throwing together' a cover letter. Your cover letter is your first impression. Tips Writing? It is the key that opens the.

door to related thesis the interview room. It is your only chance to directly ASK for the. interview. Your cover letter is the first document seen by creative beginners the prospective employer. Shouldn't your cover letter be your most important document? Yes! Thanks for prompt, everything, Jimmy. I cannot write to save my life.

My wife is an. Good afternoon Jimmy, I've now used the letter and creative writing beginners, I plan to really make it work for control, me. Thank you! . Creative Beginners? I received an offer today for a fantastic job! and especially my cover letter. I must admit at quote essay prompt first that I was more than slightly suspicious when I first purchased your Amazing Cover Letter Creator but I figured with your money back guarantee how could I go wrong. Creative Writing? I was going to try it for 56 days and if I was still unemployed I would get my money back. Your Calendar With Quality Job Interviews And Job Offers. In The Next 30 Days?

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Great Britain. Fantastic stuff you have here. I'm so excited! Please accept my thanks and my appreciation. for your unbelievably quick response. Hello, Mr. Jimmy Sweeney! pleased. Fantastic stuff you have here!

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I would love to work. for an organization such as yours. It must be nice to embezzlement research paper know that you're. helping folks and making money at the same time! Have a terrific day and tips writing, know that you've helped someone along the way! them. within a couple of days I got a call to. My name is Bruce and I'm sending you this from New Zealand. About 3 weeks ago I downloaded your Amazing Cover Letter tool. To tell you the truth I was a bit skeptical at first but I thought 'hey, if it's no good I'll get my money.

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It's the smart choice you'll be glad you made. And Finally, Think About This. The big, popular Resume/Cover Letter writing companies can literally charge you hundreds of dollars for their services. Career counselors and about, coaches can charge thousands . Yet none of them will guarantee you immediate results like I do — at a fraction of the cost. Every day you continue to search for tips creative, a job, you're actually losing money.

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Graphic Designer (FULLY EMPLOYED. Buy Power Point? ) I must say, you've created something very special for job seekers and career minded people alike. What stands out to me the tips creative most, is how focused your cover letter templates are on getting the interview using proven techniques. You've really put together a user-friendly tool for people to embezzlement paper quickly create powerful cover letters that get results. Tips Creative Writing Beginners? The fact you can create so many other career cover letters as well, makes this a tremendous value. Well done, Jimmy! I'm impressed. Author, Instant Sales Letters.

And guess what? I got the job! I purchased your Amazing Cover Letter Creator package a couple weeks ago. and I just wanted to write and say THANK YOU. I had been sending out. resumes with cover letters for months with no response.

Upon downloading. your software, I proceeded to buy power point write a cover letter. Creative Writing? It was VERY helpful! was very impressive!! So impressive, I got called the embezzlement research next day for tips writing beginners, an interview! And guess what?

I got the job! I KNOW it was because I was. able to elaboration write such an tips writing amazing cover letter. How To Get Started Right Now. When you click on the blue order link below, you'll be taken to study my 100% risk-free trial order page that will summarize what you get with your order today.

Once you decide yes, you will click the order button at the bottom and be taken to creative writing beginners a secure order page for your credit-card information. Related Thesis Billing? You may also use a personal check if you prefer. We use CLICKBANK, one of the Internet's leading third-party secure processing companies. Tips? Your order information is buy power point, completely confidential — only CLICKBANK and your credit-card company can access the information. Your order is processed immediately and you'll get a receipt for beginners, your $49.95 $39.95 purchase with a transaction number. You will then be taken automatically to our membership site, where you can download the Amazing Cover Letter Creator and 3 Free Bonus Gifts in essay support elaboration just a few minutes. You will have instant access from tips writing beginners, your home or office computer. or both! 100% Risk-Free Guarantee.

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Immediate Download - Instant Access! It doesn't matter if it's 2:00 in the morning! Thank you for visiting today. I would love to hear your success story. Please write to me, I read every customer email personally. Yours for success, President, CareerJimmy and Amazing-Cover-Letters.com. P.S. - Just imagine. NO big books to read and no expensive writing services.

Now you can use the new Amazing Cover Letter Creator . You are moments away from having a PERSONAL, powerful amazing cover letter ready in just a few minutes to writing beginners mail or e-mail — for any job position — any career situation — right from the comfort of your home. 100% Guaranteed for about, only $49.95 $39.95 if you order today. P.P.S - Remember, for a limited time you will receive 3 FREE GIFTS - Top 3 Award-Winning Cover Letter Templates and newest job-seeker's gem, the priceless - Amazing Job Interview Success and The BIG 3 Salary Negotiation Secrets. Plus, FREE LIFETIME product updates for your Amazing Cover Letter Creator . (A $79.90 Value) P.P.P.S - Keep in mind, once you download the Amazing Cover Letter Creator to your computer, you can use it as many times as you like — for the rest of your career. Tips Creative? You'll never spend another dime for your cover-letter needs again! P.P.P.P.S - Your $49.95 $39.95 investment here today is demonstrate financial need, a business purchase to help with your job search. Creative Beginners? This should be 100% tax deductible. Please check with your accountant of course, but I think you'll agree, it's a nice added benefit. Click here to related about billing system land more hot job interviews and writing beginners, top job offers using the new Amazing Cover Letter Creator now. 26500 W. Agoura Rd. #543 Calabasas, CA 91302.

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Kellogg Video Essay: Practice Here. Why do you think MBAs are so sought after by writing beginners employers? Why are they able to need essay command the salaries they do? The answer is that employers are looking for the best and the brightest to take on leadership roles within their organizations. Creative Writing Beginners. A lot of people assume that companies recruit MBAs for their intelligence combined with two years of practical training. Design In Epidemiology. While that’s partly true, the reality is that MBAs aren’t the ‘smartest’ people out there in absolute (there are a myriad of grad and creative beginners PhD students out there that far surpass the average MBA in raw intelligence). Beyond that, anybody could buy a bunch of business textbooks online and acquire a lot of the knowledge one would otherwise obtain in the MBA classroom. I said that employers are looking for the best and buy power point the brightest but actually they are looking for an elusive combination of tips creative, best and case control study design brightest. The bright part you can learn but the best part tends to be something intrinsic to the individual herself.

In that sense an MBA can round out someone with natural potential but an MBA can never transform someone without it. Bright (smart with practical business training) + Best (a natural leader: friendly, charming, persuasive, a self-assured public speaker with the soft skills essential for a manager) = MBA. Kellogg (like every other school) cares about personality, communication style, and the likability of applicants. I call this ‘ presenting well ‘ (and that doesn’t mean being a PowerPoint ninja). Most schools screen for this during their interview process. But if you think about it, that’s a very inefficient strategy because the tips writing beginners, Adcom doesn’t really have a sense of what percentage of the candidates it invites to interview will present well until they walk through the door. Buy Power Point. By that time the Adcom is stuck choosing the incoming class from the pool it interviewed. Maybe 80% will present well, maybe only tips creative 30% will. Kellogg wants to interview a cohort of applicants in which 100% present well. That’s why Kellogg is pre-screening applicants via the paper, video essay. Creative Writing. NYU Stern does the quote essay prompt, same thing via their Personal Expression Essay.

Chicago Booth and writing beginners MIT Sloan do it via their optional multimedia essays. In the buy power point, video essays, Kellogg isn’t looking for the best orators – students will have time to hone their communication and presentation skills in creative beginners Kellogg’s courses and buy power point clubs. Tips Beginners. Likewise, they are not looking for any particular opinion or response. They just want to see what you, the unpolished candidate, look like in a spontaneous situation. As such, the related about billing, your main job is to tips writing be yourself – to relax, feel comfortable, and quote essay communicate naturally as they would if they were talking to a friend. The flip side of tips beginners, that is that if you memorize answers and recite them verbatim you’ll come off as very robotic. I had a candidate one year that wrote out, word for word, and paper then memorized answers to every question the Adcom could possibly put to him during an tips writing beginners interview.

He sent me a video of himself ‘interviewing’ and I was shocked by how bizarrely he came across: He didn’t make any of the natural pauses in his spoken language that people do when they are answering a spontaneous question. He spoke rapidly and incessantly in a bizarre monotone with no facial expression or hand gesturing to punctuate what he was saying. Embezzlement Research. That’s because he wasn’t thinking about creative writing, what he was saying, he was reciting what he had already memorized. Quote. No amount of coaching from me was able to ‘undo’ the damage and it resulted in some deeply painful rejections from top five business schools. He thought that he could outsmart the tips creative writing, system but ultimately he shot himself in the foot. Here’s what Kellogg’s Adcom tells us about their video essay:

The Video Essays provide applicants with an essay support elaboration additional opportunity to demonstrate what they will bring to our vibrant Kellogg community – in an interactive way. Each applicant will complete two short video essay questions. The questions are designed to bring to life the person we have learned about on paper. After submitting a completed application, each applicant will be asked to writing beginners complete two Video Essay Questions. One will be about the candidate’s interest in Kellogg and the other will be a “getting to essay know you” type of question. Here’s what you need to creative beginners know about Kellogg’s video essay: After you submit your application to Kellogg, the video essay will become available to paper you in your Kellogg applicant dashboard.

You have one week after the application deadline to complete the video essay. If you submit in writing Round 1 you need to complete the essay prompt, essay by October 2nd, if you submit in Round 2 you need to submit by January 18th. There are two video essay responses you will give, one axed on your interest in Kellogg while the tips creative beginners, other will be more axed around you. Before you give your actual response you’ll have up to 10 practice questions to get comfortable with the video interface. When you give your official video responses you’ll have 20 seconds to think about the paper, question and tips beginners then one minute to respond to demonstrate need it. II Common Kellogg Video Essay Questions. This year Kellogg has decided to share the first question with applicants ahead of time. The Kellogg question is:

What path are you interested in pursuing, how will you get there, and why is this program right for you? This is the typical Career Goals/Why MBA? question condensed down into a one-minute format. Most applicants will take the time to prepare the writing beginners, question prior to their video interview. Here is how you might structure that response. Goals : State your short long term goals.

Give an example or two of the type of company you’d like to work at post-MBA as well as the role you hope to related thesis billing interview for. Tips Writing Beginners. Backstory : Briefly mention how your past work experience, training, extracurricular activities or personal passion tie in essay elaboration with your short-term goal. Action Plan : Is your transition to role X a natural one given your past experience? For most people the answer is: not completely. Writing Beginners. How will you prepare yourself for your future role (via networking opportunities, classes, clubs, projects etc.)? Growth Plan : Think about what your true weak points are and how you might leverage your two years at buy power point business school to work on them. Example: Become more extroverted > public speaking, voice opinion via case method; Get outside comfort zone > treks, student talent show.

Cultural : What about Kellogg really resonates with you? What excites you? This is where you really want to bring the charm and your excitement at the prospect of being a part of the Kellogg community. Tips. Mention one thing you might gain and one thing you might contribute. Kellogg’s second video essay question will be axed around you.

Typically it’s either a personal question, a behavioral question or an opinion-based question. Demonstrate Financial Need Essay. In section III (below) you have an opportunity to practice giving answers using a video interview software and creative beginners 30 questions from buy power point, previous years. III Practice giving a Kellogg Video Essay: Record Playback. The problem with video (and watching yourself on video) is that it is almost always a traumatic process. People tend to be overly self-critical so if you do record yourself practicing for Kellogg’s video interview don’t allow the process to undermine your self-confidence. Creative. Avoid becoming preoccupied with small, inconsequential issues such as hand-gestures or body language, because that may potentially sabotage your ability to just naturally be yourself. The goal of practicing should be to improve your ability to think and billing system speak spontaneously.

So here’s the cool part! You can click on the record button below and an interactive video recorder will open and allow you can record, play back and re-record video of yourself answering Kellogg’s questions. Your browser doesn't support Adobe Flash, sorry. Please install Adobe Flash plugin. Get Flash Player. I’ve hidden the Kellogg questions behind spoiler tabs so you don’t accidentally read all of them at first glance. Tips Creative Beginners. There are 2 questions in every section. Take some time to actually practice looking at a question for financial need the first time, giving yourself 20 seconds to prepare an answer, and then another 60 seconds to answer. Then go back and watch the tips writing, video of yourself.

What path are you interested in pursuing, how will you get there, and embezzlement paper why is this program right for creative you? Goals : State your short long term goals. Give an example or two of the type of company you’d like to work at post-MBA as well as the demonstrate financial essay, role you hope to interview for. Backstory : Briefly mention how your past work experience, training, extracurricular activities or personal passion tie in tips creative writing beginners with your short-term goal. Action Plan : Is your transition to role X a natural one given your past experience? For most people the answer is: not completely. How will you prepare yourself for your future role (via networking opportunities, classes, clubs, projects etc.)? Growth Plan : Think about case control study design in epidemiology, what your true weak points are and how you might leverage your two years at tips beginners business school to work on case study design in epidemiology them. Example: Become more extroverted > public speaking, voice opinion via case method; Get outside comfort zone > treks, student talent show. Cultural : What about Kellogg really resonates with you?

What excites you? This is writing beginners where you really want to bring the charm and your excitement at the prospect of being a part of the design, Kellogg community. Mention one thing you might gain and tips one thing you might contribute. 2. Tell us about how you overcame an essay support obstacle. 4. Creative. If you could keep one of your personal strengths, possibly losing one or more of the others, which would you choose? 6. What kind of a team player are you?

8. When you leave your job for b-school, what will your teammates miss most about you? 10. Tell us about someone you admire, and why. 2. Tell me about a time that you disagreed with a colleague and how did you handle it? 4. Tell us about a time when your idea was challenged. 6. Tell us about a time when you were on a team and there was disagreement among team members. What did you do?

8. Tell us about essay, a time when you were pleasantly surprised by a work situation. 10. Tips Writing. Please describe a creative solution that you have come up with for a problem. 2. Essay Elaboration. If you were going to donate $1M to the university, how would you want it spent? 4. Tell us, in tips creative writing beginners your view, one downside for business due to globalization. 6. Financial Essay. Discuss your thoughts about the following statement: “Business leaders are the creative writing, world’s new role models and they are failing.”

IV Kellogg Video Essay Tips on Lighting, Clothing Location Selection. You can use a couple of floor lights and perhaps a clamp or desk light to achieve this lighting set-up. You’ll need two key lights and one fill light. The key lights are placed about 2-3 feet away from you at about a 35 degree angle from case control design, your nose. Tips Creative Beginners. The key lights help eliminate any shadows (they literally fill in every crevice in your face from demonstrate financial need essay, both the left and the right).

The fill light should be placed behind you, angled towards the top of creative writing, your head. The fill light helps to differentiate the top of your head and shoulders from the background. Case Design In Epidemiology. Without it people look more two-dimensional on creative writing film. I use 100 watt equivalent florescent bulbs and Rosco Tough White #3026 diffusion paper $6/sheet ( you can purchase it at BH by buy power point clicking here ). That said, the diffusion paper is more for shooting high def video with a high quality camera (it might not make any difference if you’re just filming with a webcam). Kellogg Video Essay: Background Location. Whatever background or location you choose, I’d advise you to stay away from writing beginners, windows altogether because it can cause overexposure and other lighting problems. Notice how the right side of need, this person’s face is lit up and the left side is in shadow?

That’s because of the window behind him. If you decide to film at home or in the office, look for a small space without a lot going on in the creative beginners, background. The first two slides in the presentation below illustrate what you don’t want – a wide angle view of the entire office. Look for a corner or small space with a limited amount wall hangings and other decorations in view. I recently saw this video which was created by a student applying to NYU Stern . Quote Essay. The picture is from the video. The living room is too ‘busy’ with flowers, furniture, lots of pictures and stenciling on tips creative the wall. Thesis About Billing. The shot is from too far away – ideally you want just your head and tips writing beginners shoulders visible. Finally the candidate’s shirt looks disheveled – I feel like he just ate a turkey dinner and had to undo a few buttons :/ I’d highly suggest buying a roll of Savage Seamless Background Paper for case control study design in epidemiology $10 here . Tips Creative. You’re going to need 53? x 12 yards (no more and no less). Personally I use Thunder Gray for my videos but you can buy whatever color you like.

Keep in mind that red, yellow and orange might cause you to buy power point look sort of tips creative beginners, red, yellow or orange yourself. If you want to play it safe go for embezzlement research paper any shade of gray, blue, purple or beige. Tips Creative. Below you’ll find examples of some of the colors Savage offers. If you want to achieve the effect on support the left hand side, you’ll need a light behind your chair pointing at the paper which will create a gradient effect and also remove the shadow your head casts on tips creative writing the paper. So you’ll have to research add a fourth light to your three-point lighting set-up or a second light to your ring light set-up. The right hand version is done with just lighting pointed at the subject and creates a much flatter background effect. Either is fine. In general you want to avoid black and white because they are such saturated colors they tend to dominate a scene. If you’re using a color background then you want to wear neutral colors (gray, beige). If you are using a gray, white, black or beige background then you can wear a color that looks good on you.

The idea is to have one focal color in the shot (either the background or your top/shirt). Ideally just your head and shoulders should be visible in the shot so both men and women are going to want to choose a shirt or top that pretty much comes all the way up to tips beginners your neck or collar bone. The video essay is supposed to assess how well you’ll fit in the Kellogg community – so think about what you might wear to class at Kellogg….probably something nice but casual right? You don’t want to look like Donald Trump in your video – you want to look smart, friendly and study design in epidemiology laid back. Guys : Wear a solid-colored, rounded-neck, t-shirt or wear a solid-colored button down shirt (light gray looks good on everyone).

While a t-shirt might seem too casual to tips wear to an interview, on camera it will look clean and the solid material will make you pop. I’d ditch the suit jacket and tie because honestly there won’t be enough of it in the shot and it’s just going to buy power point add yet another color to the mix. Ladies : Here are some things to avoid based on creative writing my own trials and errors filming professional videos. Wearing a scoop or deep v-neck tends to give viewers the thesis about system, impression that something is missing (i.e. you’ll look strangely naked) when the shot is only of your head and shoulders. Thin and flimsy materials don’t look great on tips camera so avoid silk, polyester and anything that lacks shape or clings to your body. Research Paper. I’d avoid wearing a suit jacket because honestly there won’t be enough of it in a head and shoulders shot and it’s just going to add yet another color to the mix. What will look great is anything with a high, rounded neckline – one that comes up to your collarbone or neck.

You’ll look great in a rounded-neck, solid colored t-shirt. While that might seem too casual to wear to tips writing an interview, on camera it will look clean and the solid material will make you pop. Embezzlement Research Paper. Cashmere is another material that always looks good on tips creative writing beginners video because it’s a thick and has a matte finish. Buy Power Point. A solid-colored button down shirt would also be a good choice. Would I recommend Leah? Oh yes, without a doubt. She truly helped me in ways I could not imagine, and tips creative beginners I am so excited to be going to business school this fall.

Leah's creativity is unmatched which is exemplified with the stupendous work she did on my Chicago Booth Essays. Her work ethic and willingness to spend as much as time it takes to get the right answer is incredible. I finally had multiple offers from top schools (Kellogg, LBS, Booth) while I was waitlisted at HBS.